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Forgotten Topological Index of The Zero Divisor Graph for Some Rings of Integers Semil @ Ismail, Ghazali; Sarmin, Nor Haniza; Alimon, Nur Idayu; Maulana, Fariz
Journal of the Indonesian Mathematical Society Vol. 31 No. 1 (2025): MARCH
Publisher : IndoMS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22342/jims.v31i1.1827

Abstract

A topological index is a numerical value that provides information about the structure of a graph. Among various degree-based topological indices, the forgotten topological index (F-index) is of particular interest in this study. The F-index is calculated for the zero divisor graph of a ring R. In graph theory, the zero divisor graph of R is defined as a graph with vertex set the zero-divisors of R, and for distinct vertices a and b are adjacent if a · b = 0. This research focuses on the zero divisor graph of the commutative ring of integers modulo 2ρn where ρ is an odd prime and n is a positive integer. The objectives are to determine the set of all zero divisors, analyze the vertex degrees of the graph, and then compute the F-index of the zero divisor graph. Using algebraic techniques, we derive the degree of each vertex, the distribution of vertex degrees, and the number of edges in the graph. The general expression for the F-index of the zero divisor graph for the ring is established. The results contribute to understanding topological indices for algebraic structures, with potential applications in chemical graph theory and related disciplines.
Energy and Degree Sum Energy of Non-coprime Graphs on Dihedral Groups Karang, Gusti Yogananda; Wardhana, I Gede Adhitya Wisnu; Alimon, Nur Idayu; Sarmin, Nor Haniza
Journal of the Indonesian Mathematical Society Vol. 31 No. 1 (2025): MARCH
Publisher : IndoMS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22342/jims.v31i1.1900

Abstract

Research on graphs has increasingly garnered attention in recent years.This research focuses on graph representations, with particular emphasis on non-coprime graphs within the dihedral group D_{2n} with n = p^k, prime numbers, $k \in \mathbb{Z}^+$. The non-coprime graph of a group G is defined as a graph in which the vertex set is G \{e}, and two distinct vertices r and s are connected by an edge if gcd(|r|,|s|) =\= 1. Specifically, this research examines the adjacency matrix energy and the degree sum energy of non-coprime graphs on dihedral groups. With the extensive application of chemical topological graphs in the field of chemistry, it is hoped that they can assist in the numerical analysis of chemical compounds used in healthcare, such as the analysis of vaccines for the COVID-19 epidemic.
GRAPH ENERGY OF THE COPRIME GRAPH ON GENERALIZED QUATERNION GROUP Miftahurrahman, Miftahurrahman; Wisnu Wardhana, I Gede Adhitya; Alimon, Nur Idayu; Sarmin, Nor Haniza
BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan Vol 20 No 1 (2026): BAREKENG: Journal of Mathematics and Its Application
Publisher : PATTIMURA UNIVERSITY

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/barekengvol20iss1pp0031-0040

Abstract

This paper investigates the Degree Square Sum Energy , Degree Exponent Energy , and Degree Exponent Sum Energy of the coprime graph on generalized quaternion group ​. This research is quantitative study using previous study as the literature review to construct the new theorem. These energy methods provide new insights into the spectral properties of graphs by their vertex degree distributions into eigenvalue computations. Using spectral graph theory, the general formulas for the , , and of ​ are formulated for for every positive integer . Furthermore, we explore the implications of these methods in understanding the algebraic and spectral characteristics of ​. Numerical results are presented for specific cases to validate the previous theorem. This study contributes to the broader analysis of graph energies, offering a framework for studying other algebraic structures.