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All Journal Al-Manhaj: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Islam Constitutionale
Kusuma, Ariska Cesar Divian Candra
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Religion Humanities Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Fake Diplomas, Real Consequences: Legal and Ethical Challenges in the Legal Profession Sistyawan, Dwanda Julisa; Neonbeni, Randy Vallentino; Rizal, Muhamad; Kusuma, Ariska Cesar Divian Candra; Husain, Husain
Constitutionale Vol 5 No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25041/constitutionale.v5i2.3608

Abstract

Integrity and trust are fundamental in the legal profession, yet diploma forgery threatens these values, leading to ethical violations and diminished public trust. This study examines the legal implications of diploma forgery in Case No. 20/Pid.B/2024/PN Tmg, where an individual used a fraudulent diploma to practice law. Using a normative legal approach, the study analyzes court decisions, legal doctrines, and statutory regulations, including Article 263 of the Indonesian Penal Code and Article 69 of Law No. 20 of 2003. Findings reveal weaknesses in verification systems, allowing unqualified individuals to enter the legal profession. To prevent such fraud, the study proposes blockchain-based diploma verification, offering tamper-proof credentialing and real-time authentication. Stricter regulations, enhanced verification, and ethical awareness campaigns are crucial to safeguarding legal integrity. Adopting blockchain verification can restore public trust, ensure professional accountability, and uphold the credibility of legal institutions.
Presidential Elections Without a Threshold in Indonesia: Strengthening Citizens’ Political Rights After the 2025 Constitutional Court Decision Ropii, Imam; Pramono, Agus; Kuntardjo, Carolina; Kusuma, Ariska Cesar Divian Candra
AL-MANHAJ: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Islam Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Syariah INSURI Ponorogo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37680/almanhaj.v8i1.8749

Abstract

The presidential threshold in Indonesia, requiring political parties or coalitions to secure at least 20% of parliamentary seats or 25% of valid votes to nominate presidential candidates, has long sparked debate over the constitution. Critics contend that this requirement operates as a structural barrier that limits citizens' political rights and consolidates oligarchic dominance. This study examines the abolition of the presidential threshold following the Constitutional Court's Decision No. 62/PUU-XXII/2024, which annulled Article 222 of the 2017 Election Law. Employing a normative juridical and comparative approach, the research analyzes constitutional principles, judicial reasoning, and electoral practices in selected democracies, including France and the United States. The analysis demonstrates that removing the presidential threshold broadens political participation, enhances inclusivity, and fosters fairer democratic competition by reducing the dominance of major parties. Although the absence of a threshold may increase the number of candidates and the likelihood of run-off elections, such consequences can be mitigated through appropriate institutional design. Normatively, this study concludes that abolishing the presidential threshold is constitutionally justified and necessary to fully realize citizens' political rights and democratic sovereignty in Indonesia.
Co-Authors Agus Pramono Husain Husain Kuntardjo, Carolina M. Rizal Randy Vallentino Neonbeni ropii, imam Sistyawan, Dwanda Julisa