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All Journal Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Abdimas Galuh : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat
Yanti, Novirma
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Economics, Econometrics & Finance Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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In Vitro Evaluation of the Antibacterial Properties of Lime Mistletoe (Dendrophthoe petandra (L.) Miq.) Extract Against Escherichia coli Savitri, Lisa; Mahardika, Juan Vega; Yanti, Novirma; Juwita, Syntia Tanu
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.641-644

Abstract

The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria necessitates the exploration of alternative antimicrobial agents derived from natural sources. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of lime mistletoe (Dendrophthoe petandra (L.) Miq.) extract against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 using the disc diffusion method. Extract concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% were prepared alongside negative (distilled water) and positive (Cefadroxil) controls. Nutrient Agar (NA) media were inoculated with E. coli and discs impregnated with each concentration were placed on the media, followed by incubation at 37°C for 24 hours. The inhibition zones were measured to assess antibacterial activity. Results demonstrated a concentration-dependent increase in antibacterial efficacy, with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 8.3 mm at 20% extract to 20.3 mm at 100% extract concentration. The highest concentration’s inhibition zone was comparable to that of Cefadroxil (22.5 mm). No inhibition was observed in the negative control. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences between treatment groups (p < 0.05). The antibacterial activity of lime mistletoe extract is likely due to its bioactive phytochemicals such as flavonoids and phenolics, which are known to disrupt bacterial cell membranes and inhibit microbial growth. These findings suggest that Dendrophthoe petandra extract holds potential as a natural antibacterial agent, providing an alternative to conventional antibiotics amid growing resistance issues. Further studies involving isolation of active compounds, toxicity evaluation, and in vivo testing are recommended to validate its clinical applicability.
Isolation and Identification of Dermatophytes from Toenails and Interdigital Spaces of Students Using Czapek Yeast Extract Agar Savitri, Lisa; Ihsan, Kharisul; Krissanjaya, Rochmad; Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo; Yanti, Novirma; Hilmi, Mochamad Hanif
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.795-798

Abstract

Dermatophytosis remains a common superficial fungal infection affecting nails and interdigital spaces, with Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes as the predominant etiologic agents. The recent emergence of terbinafine-resistant T. indotineae has raised new challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Although Sabouraud Dextrose Agar is the conventional medium for fungal culture, alternative media such as Czapek Yeast Extract Agar (CYA) may provide additional advantages for dermatophyte isolation and morphological identification. This study aimed to isolate and identify dermatophytes from toenails and interdigital spaces of university students using CYA medium and to evaluate its applicability in dermatophyte culture. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 100 university students aged 18–24 years. Specimens were collected from toenails (n = 60) and interdigital spaces (n = 40). Direct microscopy was performed using 20% KOH preparation. Samples were cultured on CYA supplemented with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide, and incubated at 28 ± 2 °C for up to 21 days. Fungal isolates were identified based on macroscopic and microscopic morphology. Data were analyzed descriptively, and associations were tested using the chi-square test. Fungal elements were detected in 65% of samples by KOH examination, and dermatophyte growth was confirmed in 52% of cultures. The most frequently isolated species were T. rubrum (28%) and T. mentagrophytes (18%). Notably, T. indotineae was detected in 5% of samples. No significant difference was found between toenail and interdigital isolates (p = 0.26). Dermatophytes are prevalent among university students, with T. rubrum as the dominant species. The detection of T. indotineae highlights its emerging role in young populations. CYA proved effective for dermatophyte isolation and may serve as an alternative culture medium in academic and diagnostic laboratories.
Effect of Ciprofloxacin Administration on Gastric Histopathological Changes in Mice Savitri, Lisa; Ihsan, Kharisul; Krissanjaya, Rochmad; Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo; Yanti, Novirma; Hilmi, Mochamad Hanif
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.873-878

Abstract

Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic widely used in clinical and veterinary practice. While effective against a broad range of bacterial infections, several studies have reported potential adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract, particularly the gastric mucosa. This study aimed to evaluate the histopathological changes in the gastric mucosa of mice following ciprofloxacin administration at different doses. A total of 24 male mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, low-dose ciprofloxacin, moderate-dose ciprofloxacin, and high-dose ciprofloxacin. Treatment was administered orally for 14 days. Gastric tissues were collected and examined histologically using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Histopathological analysis revealed dose-dependent mucosal alterations. The control group showed intact gastric architecture, while the low-dose group exhibited mild epithelial erosion. The moderate-dose group presented with mucosal disruption and inflammatory infiltration, and the high-dose group demonstrated severe ulceration, edema, and mucosal thinning. These findings indicate progressive gastric injury with increasing ciprofloxacin exposure. Ciprofloxacin administration induces dose-dependent gastric mucosal injury in mice, consistent with fluoroquinolone-related gastrointestinal toxicity. Caution is warranted in prolonged or high-dose therapy, and further studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and potential gastroprotective interventions.
Onychomycosis in Students: An Overview of Nail Care Practices and Personal Hygiene Savitri, Lisa; Ihsan, Kharisul; Krissanjaya, Rochmad; Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo; Yanti, Novirma; Hilmi, Mochamad Hanif
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1015-1019

Abstract

Onychomycosis is a common nail disorder caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, and non-dermatophyte molds, with increasing prevalence among young adults. Poor nail care and personal hygiene habits are essential predisposing factors that contribute to infection. Despite its clinical relevance, data on onychomycosis in student populations remain limited. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 undergraduate students from the Faculty of Health Sciences, aged 18–25 years. Nail specimens were collected from individuals presenting with suspected onychomycosis. Direct microscopy was performed using a 20% potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation, and samples were cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar supplemented with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide. Fungal isolates were identified based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Sociodemographic data, nail care habits, and hygiene practices were collected through structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed descriptively, and associations were assessed using chi-square tests. Onychomycosis was confirmed in 27 students (18%). Dermatophytes were the most frequent isolates, with Trichophyton rubrum (9%) and T. mentagrophytes (5%) predominating, followed by Candida albicans (3%) and Aspergillus spp. (1%). Risk factors significantly associated with infection included irregular nail trimming (p = 0.01), sharing of nail clippers (p = 0.03), and prolonged use of closed footwear (p = 0.02). No significant associations were observed with gender or age. Onychomycosis is prevalent among university students, with dermatophytes as the leading causative agents. Inadequate nail care and poor hygiene practices play a critical role in the occurrence of diseases. Health education and preventive interventions should be prioritized to reduce infection rates in young adults. Further studies employing molecular methods are recommended to refine species identification and improve epidemiological insights.
Co-Authors Edda, Ilda Rambu Elfred Rinaldo Kasimo, Elfred Rinaldo Fendy Prasetyawan Hilmi, Mochamad Hanif Ihsan, Kharisul Juwita, Syntia Tanu Mahardika, Juan Vega Rochmad Krissanjaya savitri, Lisa Yuneka Saristiana