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Modification of Screen Printed Carbon Electrode-Gold Nanoparticles (SPCE-AuNPs) for Detection of Mercury in Cosmetics Aini, Azizah Nurul; Nurul wahidah; Putriana Dwi Agustin; Dewi Nurmarlina; Ramadhan, Syafira Elfa; Riyanto
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis (IJCA) Vol. 7 No. 2 (2024): Indonesian Journal of Chemical Analysis
Publisher : Universitas Islam Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20885/ijca.vol7.iss2.art8

Abstract

The cosmetics industry in Indonesia has experienced a significant increase of 12.6% from 2022 to June 2023, with 1025 industries having a positive impact on the Indonesian economy. Apart from that, it has triggered a number of naughty manufacturers to use dangerous chemicals in their cosmetic products such as mercury (Hg). Therefore, it is important to develop a fast and sensitive method for detecting mercury in cosmetics using SPCE-AuNPs. This research was carried out by synthesizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using the reducing agent sodium citrate (Na3H5C6O7) with varying concentrations and characterization of several chemical instruments. Furthermore, SPCE was modified by AuNPs, its performance and application were tested to detect mercury in cosmetic cream using cyclic voltammetry (CV). SPCE-AuNPs provides an electrochemical response with higher oxidation and reduction peaks than bare SPCE with an oxidation peak at a potential of 0.1 V to 0.3 V and a reduction peak at -0.05 V to 0.05 V at a scan rate of 0.01 V/s to 0.03 V/s. This shows a good electrochemical response so it can be used for application to detection of mercury in cosmetic samples. The SPCE modified using AuNPs can potentially be used as a sensor for mercury detection in cosmetics.
Prevalence and Diversity of Ectoparasites in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Cultured in Freshwater Ponds of Lampung, Indonesia Alkausar, Triawan; Aini, Azizah Nurul; Ulmillah, Aulia; Putra, Rizki Pratama; Waddell, Nawaporn
Indonesian Journal of Environment and Sustainability Issues Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): December 2025 | Indonesian Journal of Environment and Sustainability Issues
Publisher : WISE Pendidikan Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70211/ijesi.v2i2.273

Abstract

Ectoparasitic infestations pose a significant threat to the sustainability of aquaculture systems, particularly affecting African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), a species intensively cultured in tropical regions, including Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the community structure, prevalence rate, and infection intensity of ectoparasites in C. gariepinus cultured in three freshwater pond units located in Way Kandis, Lampung. Fieldwork was conducted between March and April 2023, involving 50 individuals measuring 25–30 cm in length. Fish mucus was collected from the skin, fins, and gill lamellae, followed by microscopic examination to identify ectoparasite genera and quantify infestation levels. A total of five ectoparasitic genera were identified: Oodinium, Gyrodactylus, Dactylogyrus, Chilodonella, and Trichodina. Among them, Dactylogyrus spp. showed the widest distribution across all sampling sites. The highest prevalence occurred in Pond I (46%), followed by Pond II (26%) and Pond III (10%), resulting in an overall prevalence of 86%. Mean infection intensities ranged from 1.25 to 2.00 parasites per host, with higher intensities observed in ponds exhibiting poor water quality and limited maintenance. These findings demonstrate that ectoparasitic infections remain a critical issue in small-scale aquaculture systems. The study provides important baseline data for developing targeted parasitological surveillance and management strategies. It underscores the necessity of proactive health management practices to enhance fish welfare, reduce production losses, and support sustainable aquaculture development in tropical pond-based systems.