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All Journal Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry
Waty, Marsela Umbar
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Dentistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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The impact of chitosan derived from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) pupae on bone remodeling post-tooth extraction: an in vivo study Maula, Ni’mal; Waty, Marsela Umbar; Dewi, Renie Kumala; Oktawati, Sri; Gani, Asdar; Suhartono, Eko; Ganesh, Rajendran
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 37, No 1 (2025): March 2025
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol37no1.59308

Abstract

Introduction: Bone defects or alveolar sockets commonly occur after tooth extraction. Black Soldier Fly (BSF) pupae contain 35% chitin, which can be converted into chitosan. This study aims to analyze the effect of BSF pupae chitosan gel on the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in post-extraction sockets. Method: This study employed a true experimental design. The left mandibular incisor of guinea pigs was extracted. In the control group (n=9), the socket was filled with polyethylene glycol (PEG) gel as a placebo, while in the treatment group (n=9), the socket was filled with BSF pupae chitosan  gel. The gel was applied until the socket was full, followed by suturing with non-absorbable silk. Euthanasia was performed on days 7, 14, and 21 to evaluate the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Data were analyzed using one-way Anova. Results: The osteoblast count in the treatment group increased on day 7 (52.20 ± 1.90), day 14 (91.53 ± 1.00), and day 21 (104.13 ± 5.33) compared to the control group:  day 7 (39.80 ± 5.43), day 14 (61.13 ± 1.10), and day 21 (82.60 ± 2,11). The number of osteoclasts decreased in both groups: in the control group on day 7 (9.83 ± 0.35), day 14 (12.80 ± 0.72), and day 21 (2.46 ± 0.11); and in the treatment group on day 7 (4.86 ± 1.51), day 14 (9 ± 0.34), and day 21 (2.66 ± 0.11). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in osteoblast and osteoclast counts between the treatment and control groups (p = 0.000). Conclusion: The application of chitosan BSF pupae gel can increase osteoblast numbers and decrease osteoclast numbers after tooth extraction, potentially accelerating bone formation and offering benefits for future bone regeneration.
Effect of demineralized dentin matrix and chitosan of black soldier fly on osteoblast and osteoclast activity in post-extraction socket preservation: an experimental study Waty, Marsela Umbar; Dewi, Renie Kumala; Taufiqurrahman, Irham; Nahzi, Muhammad Yanuar Ichrom; Huldani, Huldani; Ganesh, Rajendran
Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry Vol 37, No 3 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/pjd.vol37no3.63568

Abstract

Introduction: Alveolar bone remodeling is crucial because it represents a key component of oral rehabilitation. Dentin Demineralization Matrix (DDM) and chitosan Black Soldier Fly (BSF) pupae have osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties, influencing osteoblast and osteoclast activity. The objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of a combined gel of DDM and chitosan BSF pupae on osteoblast and osteoclast activity. Methods: Eighteen guinea pigs were divided into control (C) and treatment (T) groups. The mandibular left incisor was extracted, and in the C group, the socket was filled with polyethylene glycol (PEG) gel as a placebo, then sutured using non-absorbable silk. In the T group, the socket was applied with chitosan BSF pupae gel and DDM, then sutured with non-absorbable silk. The samples were euthanized on days 7, 14, and 21, followed by histological evaluation with Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E). Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test due to non-normal distribution. Results: There were significant increases in the number of osteoblasts and a decrease in the number of osteoclasts over time between days 7, 14, and 21. Kruskal-Wallis analysis showed a statistically significant difference (p=0.011, p<0.05). Conclusion: Application of a combined DDM and BSF-chitosan pupae enhanced osteoblastic activity while suppressing osteoclastic activity after tooth extraction. These findings indicate its potential as a biomaterial candidate for alveolar bone regeneration and future regenerative applications.
Co-Authors Asdar Gani, Asdar Dewi, Renie Kumala Eko Suhartono Ganesh, Rajendran Huldani Huldani Ichrom Nahzi, Muhammad Yanuar Maula, Ni’mal Sri Oktawati, Sri