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Ethnicity as mobilization infrastructure: Pashtun identity and taliban insurgency in Afghanistan Muhammad Hayyi’ Lana Alkhan; Akbar Farid; Ahmad Fauzi; Zikri Rahmani
Priviet Social Sciences Journal Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): January 2026
Publisher : Privietlab

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55942/pssj.v6i1.1276

Abstract

This study examines the role of Pashtun ethnicity in Taliban insurgency and post-2021 governance by conceptualizing ethnicity as mobilization infrastructure rather than as a primordial or deterministic cause of conflict. Drawing on a critical narrative review of recent scholarly and policy-oriented literature, this study analyzes how Pashtun identity operates through social networks, territorial ties, normative frameworks, and organizational continuity to enable recruitment, coordination, legitimacy, and political control. The findings show that Pashtun ethnicity has facilitated the Taliban’s organizational resilience and its transition from insurgency to governance, particularly through network-based mobilization and access to territorial sanctuaries. Simultaneously, the selective use of Pashtunwali has contributed to local legitimacy in Pashtun-majority areas while constraining broader national acceptance. The analysis further highlights the dual effect of ethnic dominance in the post-2021 political order: strengthening short-term stability and internal cohesion while exacerbating political exclusion and ethnic grievances. By specifying the mechanisms through which ethnic identity is transformed into mobilization capacity, this article contributes a mechanism-based framework to debates on ethnicity, insurgency, and governance in Afghanistan, offering a non-deterministic and analytically grounded understanding of conflict dynamics in multiethnic societies.
THE NORMALIZATION OF TURKEY–SAUDI ARABIA RELATIONS IN THE ERDOĞAN ERA: STRATEGIC INTERESTS AND INTERNATIONAL RESPONSES Muhammad Hayyi Lana Alkhan; Ahmad Fauzi; Aning Kesuma Putri
CMES (Center of Middle Eastern Studies) Vol 18, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Arabic Literature Department

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/cmes.18.1.97112

Abstract

The relationship between Turkey and Saudi Arabia has undergone a significant transformation in recent years, particularly under the leadership of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. This article seeks to analyze the underlying factors behind the normalization process between the two countries, considering not only political, economic, and security dimensions but also the often-overlooked ideological aspect. Historically, Turkey and Saudi Arabia have maintained opposing ideological stances, particularly regarding their positions on Islamist movements such as the Muslim Brotherhood. This study employs a qualitative methodology based on a comprehensive literature review and secondary data analysis. The findings indicate that the normalization is driven by multiple factors, including political alignment, ideological recalibration, economic interests, and security concerns. Moreover, international responses to this normalization have been mixed, with some countries expressing support while others remain critica.
THE INFLUENCE OF MACROECONOMICS ON BANKING STOCK RETURNS IN INDONESIA: A STUDY OF STATE-OWNED AND PRIVATE BANKS Willa Fatika Sari; Ahmad Fauzi; Iis Azelya; Muhammad Hayyi Lana Alkhan; Syintia Mega Putri
International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS) Vol. 6 No. 4 (2026): August (ON PROGRESS)
Publisher : CV. Radja Publika

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Abstract

This study examines the influence of macroeconomic variables on banking stock returns in Indonesia, with a comparative focus on state-owned and private banks. The macroeconomic variables analyzed include inflation, the BI Rate, and the rupiah exchange rate against the US dollar. This research applies a quantitative explanatory approach using monthly panel data from 2015 to 2025. The sample consists of six banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, namely three state-owned banks and three private banks, with a total of 792 observations. The data were analyzed using panel data regression through the Common Effect Model estimated by Ordinary Least Squares. The findings indicate that inflation, interest rates, exchange rates, and bank ownership simultaneously have a significant effect on banking stock returns. Partially, the BI Rate and exchange rate have a negative and significant effect on stock returns, while inflation has no significant effect. The ownership dummy shows no significant difference between the stock returns of state-owned and private banks. These results suggest that macroeconomic conditions, particularly interest rates and exchange rate movements, play a more dominant role in influencing banking stock returns than bank ownership characteristics. The study contributes to investment decision-making by highlighting the importance of monitoring monetary policy and exchange rate stability in assessing banking sector stock performance.