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All Journal Biotropika Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
Nirwana, Linggar
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Phytochemical Screening and Determination of Total Flavonoid Content of Keji Beling Leaves Ethanol Extract (Strobilanthes crispa Bl.) Mahyantika, Seftya Putri; Husain, Muhammad Hafizh; Nirwana, Linggar; Aldina, Devana Rahma; Gemilang, Satria; Nafisa, Nafisa; Ramadhan, Majida; Sjakoer, Nour Athiroh Abdoes; Faisal, Faisal
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 1 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.141.219-224

Abstract

This study aims to determine the total flavonoid content in the ethanol extract of keji beling (Strobilanthes crispa) leaves using the UV-Vis spectrophotometric method with AlCl3 reagent. The research process includes maximum wavelength testing, preparation of quercetin standard solution, and analysis of total flavonoid levels. The results showed that the total flavonoid content in the extract was 144.347 ± 134.854 mg QE/g extract, with an extract yield of 0.4% and extract moisture content of 5.256%, which showed good potential in preventing the growth of microorganisms. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins, while saponins, triterpenoids, and steroids were not detected. These findings confirm the importance of secondary metabolite compounds in plants and the potential of keji beling leaf extract as a source of active compounds with health benefits, including antioxidant and antibacterial activities. This study provides a basis for further research into the medical applications of this plant extract.
Microbial Contaminants Evaluation of White Pomegranate Peel, Seeds, and Beetroot as Validation of Herbal Raw Material Quality Faisal, Faisal; Ramadhan, Majida; Rofiidah, Anisatul; Nirwana, Linggar
Biotropika: Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 13 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.biotropika.2025.013.03.10

Abstract

Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and beetroot (Beta vulgaris) are recognized for their numerous health benefits, attributed to their bioactive. However, the use of natural ingredients as traditional medicine requires attention to microbiological safety, given the potential for contamination by pathogenic microbes. This study aims to analyze microbial contamination on the skin and seeds of white pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and beetroot (Beta vulgaris). Samples were tested at the Microbiology Laboratory of the Islamic University of Malang using the Total Plate Count (TPC) method to count total microorganisms and qualitative tests to detect the presence of pathogenic microorganisms, such as Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus aureus.  The results showed that the total microbes and mold/yeast for all samples were within the safe limits set by the Food and Drug Administration (BPOM). The highest TPC was found in white pomegranate peel extract (2,1x10? CFU/g), while the highest Total Yeast and Mold Count (TYMC) was found in white pomegranate seed extract (8,2x10? CFU/g). Although Salmonella sp. was not detected in all samples, Staphylococcus aureus was identified positively in white pomegranate seed extract. These findings underscore that, although the total microbial count is low, contamination by specific pathogens can occur, most likely during post-harvest handling. The presence of Staphylococcus aureus highlights the importance of implementing strict sanitation controls and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) in the processing of herbal raw materials to ensure product safety.
Co-Authors Aldina, Devana Rahma Faisal Faisal Gemilang, Satria Husain, Muhammad Hafizh Mahyantika, Seftya Putri Nafisa, Nafisa Nour Athiroh Abdoes Sjakoer Ramadhan, Majida Rofiidah, Anisatul