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A Review on the Role of Function Landscape in Encouraging the Psychomotor and Cognitive Development of Pre-School Children Hussain, Mohd Amirul; Kamaruzaman, Mohd Yusof; Raji, Mohd Nazri Abdul; Basri, Azizul Qayyum; Mamat, Abu Bakar; Basir, Jamilah Mohd; Yunos, Mohd Yazid Mohd
Indonesian Journal of Geography Vol 57, No 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Geography
Publisher : Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijg.97653

Abstract

Learning from outside of the classroom includes physical activities and self-exploration that help in developing positive children’s psychomotor as well as cognitive. Given that the learning process in childhood is important for the development of physical and cognitive, the activities in the form of physical game and self-exploration deemed to be a natural mean for the age level to develop their talents and creativity potentials. The environmental landscape factor that is conducive, impacts the cognitive and leaning of the early children education. However, it is deemed to be lacking in the execution of out of class activities in Malaysia’s early childhood learning that uses elements of functional landscape aligned with concept of self-exploration through learning environment. The objective of this study is to explore the functional landscape elements in an exploration park to improve children's physical development. In doing so, this study carried out a literature review involving the analysis of documents related to the importance and ability of the landscape to improve children's cognitive development. This action study is also expected to contribute as reference to schools, institutions, and related parties in emphasizing functional landscape elements in the design of learning centre areas outside the classroom.
Crisis communication management government public relation of Serang City through digital media Sjuchro, Dian Wardiana; Priana, Ronny Yudhi Septa; Fitriana, Rina; Raji, Mohd Nazri Abdul
PRofesi Humas Vol 11, No 1 (2026): August 2026
Publisher : Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24198/prh.v11i1.69832

Abstract

Background: The development of digital media accelerates the flow of public information and sometimes facilitates disinformation that affects the public’s image and trust in local governments. It requires their public relations (PR) to be able to manage information, messages, and media to enhance positive images within the community. Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the role of PR in Serang City in managing communication crises in the digital media era; then to reveal the effectiveness of PR communication strategies and uncover the obstacles encountered. Methods: This research employed a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews with PR staff and media officers from eight regional government agencies (OPD). Data were analyzed through reduction, presentation, and conclusion. Results: The PR of Serang City monitored current issues developing in the community, compiled and designed official messages, and utilized social media as the primary communication channel. This strategy was deemed effective in maintaining the stability of public information. Limited human resources and the rapid spread of hoaxes in the digital space were challenges faced, in addition to the lack of coordination and consistency of information within the government. Conclusion: crisis communication management is implemented by local governments using digital media as the main communication medium, but human resource competencies remain limited to improving coordination and designing more systematic communication so that information can be more effective and consistent. Implications: The results of this study are expected to be a reference for local governments to improve human capacity and build an integrated communication system to maintain credibility and public trust.