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All Journal Jurnal Impresi Indonesia (Medical Scientific Journal) MESINA
Rusdi, Fadhillah Putri
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Animal Models for Studying Post-Stroke Neuroplasticity Risdiansyah, Risdiansyah; Ghiffari, Ahmad; Oktariza, Rury Tiara; Rusdi, Fadhillah Putri
Jurnal Impresi Indonesia Vol. 4 No. 5 (2025): Indonesian Impression Journal (JII)
Publisher : Riviera Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58344/jii.v4i5.6647

Abstract

Ischemic stroke remains one of the leading causes of long-term disability worldwide, with recovery dependent on the brain's neuroplastic potential. This review aims to evaluate the role of animal models in elucidating the mechanisms of neuroplasticity following stroke and their relevance to clinical application. Using qualitative literature analysis, the study synthesizes findings from various animal models including rodents, non-human primates, zebrafish, and Drosophila. Rodent models, particularly the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), have been instrumental in identifying key processes such as BDNF-driven synaptic remodeling, VEGF-induced angiogenesis, and glial involvement in tissue repair. Additionally, systemic modulators like the gut-brain axis, immune responses, and extracellular vesicles are increasingly recognized for their influence on recovery. Despite these insights, most studies disproportionately utilize young, healthy male animals, limiting their relevance to diverse patient populations with comorbidities and aging factors. The findings suggest a need for integrative, multimodal research that incorporates molecular techniques, imaging, and behavioral assays, along with cross-species validation, to improve translational outcomes. This review underscores the necessity of leveraging a broader spectrum of animal models and advanced methodologies to develop effective, personalized therapies for post-stroke rehabilitation.
Hubungan antara Sympathetic Hyperarousal dan Stres Akademik pada Mahasiswa Risdiansyah, Risdiansyah; Rusdi, Fadhillah Putri
MESINA (Medical Scientific Journal) Vol 6, No 1 (2025): Medical Scientific Journal (MESINA)
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32502/msj.v6i1.10520

Abstract

Sympathetic hyper-arousal is a condition of excessive activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis caused by prolonged stress exposure. Academic stress among university students is a prominent form of psycho-social stress that can disrupt the autonomic nervous system balance and induce physiological and psychological dysfunctions. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and cortisol levels are widely used objective biomarkers to assess neural and hormonal responses to stress. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between academic stress and sympathetic hyper-arousal in university students through a systematic review and meta-analysis of HRV parameters and cortisol levels. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, literature searches were conducted in PubMed using relevant keywords. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were quantitatively analyzed using RevMan 5.4 under a random-effects model. Quality was assessed with the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS), and bias and sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure validity. Of 387 identified articles, four studies involving 520 students aged 18–25 years met inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis revealed a significant decrease in HRV during academic stress (Hedges’ g = –0.61; 95% CI –0.94 to –0.28; p < 0.01; I² = 42%) and a significant increase in cortisol levels (Hedges’ g = 0.47; 95% CI 0.19–0.75; p = 0.003; I² = 26%). All studies used the Perceived Stress Scale to assess subjective stress, and study quality was good (NOS 7–9). Academic stress correlates with increased sympathetic activity and decreased parasympathetic regulation, indicated by reduced HRV and elevated cortisol. These findings highlight sympathetic hyper-arousal under academic stress and support the use of physiological stress management approaches such as mindfulness and HRV biofeedback in higher education.
Co-Authors Ahmad Ghiffari Oktariza, Rury Tiara Risdiansyah Risdiansyah