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Dynamics of the Development of Mineral and Coal Mining Legal Policy Management by Regional Governments Rahardjo, Anthony; Herman, KMS
Asian Journal of Social and Humanities Vol. 3 No. 10 (2025): Asian Journal of Social and Humanities
Publisher : Pelopor Publikasi Akademika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59888/ajosh.v3i10.570

This research aims to analyze the dynamics of mining policy in Indonesia from the colonial era to the modern era, focusing on regulatory changes, their impact on the national and regional economies, and the challenges in managing mining resources. The research method used is a normative juridical method with a legislative approach (statute approach) and a historical study involving an analysis of various legal regulations, from the Indische Mijnwet 1899 to the latest Minerba Law. The results show that Indonesia’s mining policies have undergone significant changes, from colonial exploitation that benefited the Dutch East Indies government, to post-independence nationalization facing technological and capital limitations, and to openness to foreign investment during the New Order era, which accelerated the growth of the mining industry but led to regional economic imbalances and environmental degradation. Reform brought decentralization of authority to regional governments, which, on one hand, increased local revenues but also caused governance issues due to weak oversight. To address this, the government regained full control over the mining sector through the Minerba Law to ensure effective management and legal certainty for investors. However, the main challenge still faced is how to balance national interests, regional welfare, and environmental sustainability so that mining resources can be managed fairly and sustainably.

Dynamics of the Development of Mineral and Coal Mining Legal Policy Management by Regional Governments Rahardjo, Anthony; Herman, KMS
Asian Journal of Social and Humanities Vol. 3 No. 10 (2025): Asian Journal of Social and Humanities
Publisher : Pelopor Publikasi Akademika

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59888/ajosh.v3i10.570

This research aims to analyze the dynamics of mining policy in Indonesia from the colonial era to the modern era, focusing on regulatory changes, their impact on the national and regional economies, and the challenges in managing mining resources. The research method used is a normative juridical method with a legislative approach (statute approach) and a historical study involving an analysis of various legal regulations, from the Indische Mijnwet 1899 to the latest Minerba Law. The results show that Indonesia’s mining policies have undergone significant changes, from colonial exploitation that benefited the Dutch East Indies government, to post-independence nationalization facing technological and capital limitations, and to openness to foreign investment during the New Order era, which accelerated the growth of the mining industry but led to regional economic imbalances and environmental degradation. Reform brought decentralization of authority to regional governments, which, on one hand, increased local revenues but also caused governance issues due to weak oversight. To address this, the government regained full control over the mining sector through the Minerba Law to ensure effective management and legal certainty for investors. However, the main challenge still faced is how to balance national interests, regional welfare, and environmental sustainability so that mining resources can be managed fairly and sustainably.

Efektivitas Mekanisme Penyelesaian Sengketa Pajak di Indonesia dalam Perspektif Perbandingan Hukum dengan Sistem Common Law Rahardjo, Anthony; Arifin Hoesein, Zainal
Judge : Jurnal Hukum Vol. 6 No. 04 (2025): Judge : Jurnal Hukum
Publisher : Cattleya Darmaya Fortuna

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54209/judge.v6i04.1801

Penelitian ini menganalisis efektivitas mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa pajak di Indonesia melalui perspektif perbandingan hukum dengan sistem Common Law. Indonesia, sebagai negara dengan tradisi Civil Law, menekankan prosedur formal dan kepatuhan administratif dalam penyelesaian sengketa pajak, namun menghadapi tantangan berupa birokrasi panjang, lama waktu penyelesaian, dan kompleksitas kasus yang semakin meningkat, termasuk transaksi internasional dan transfer pricing. Sementara itu, sistem Common Law menekankan fleksibilitas hukum melalui preseden, peran hakim yang aktif, dan mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa awal melalui mediasi dan dispute resolution. Penelitian ini membahas perbedaan prinsip dasar hukum, mekanisme administrasi dan peradilan, peran lembaga dan hakim, karakteristik sengketa, serta kelebihan dan kelemahan masing-masing sistem. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia dapat meningkatkan efektivitas penyelesaian sengketa pajak dengan mengadopsi praktik terbaik Common Law, termasuk penerapan preseden, penyederhanaan prosedur administrasi, penguatan kapasitas pengadilan pajak, dan pengembangan mekanisme mediasi, sambil tetap mempertahankan prinsip dasar Civil Law. Pendekatan ini diharapkan dapat mempercepat proses penyelesaian sengketa, meningkatkan kepatuhan wajib pajak, dan memperkuat kepercayaan publik terhadap sistem hukum pajak nasional.

Efektivitas Mekanisme Penyelesaian Sengketa Pajak di Indonesia dalam Perspektif Perbandingan Hukum dengan Sistem Common Law Rahardjo, Anthony; Hoesein, Zainal Arifin
Journal of Innovative and Creativity Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Penelitian ini menganalisis efektivitas mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa pajak di Indonesia melalui perspektif perbandingan hukum dengan sistem Common Law. Indonesia sebagai negara yang berakar pada tradisi Civil Law menekankan prosedur formal dan kepatuhan administratif dalam penyelesaian sengketa pajak. Namun demikian, sistem ini menghadapi berbagai tantangan seperti birokrasi yang panjang, waktu penyelesaian yang lama, serta meningkatnya kompleksitas perkara, termasuk transaksi internasional dan isu transfer pricing. Sebaliknya, sistem Common Law menekankan fleksibilitas hukum melalui preseden, peran aktif hakim, serta mekanisme penyelesaian dini seperti mediasi dan penyelesaian sengketa alternatif (Alternative Dispute Resolution). Penelitian ini membahas prinsip-prinsip hukum yang mendasar, mekanisme administratif dan yudisial, peran lembaga dan hakim, karakteristik sengketa, serta kelebihan dan kelemahan masing-masing sistem. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia dapat meningkatkan efektivitas penyelesaian sengketa pajak dengan mengadopsi praktik terbaik dari sistem Common Law, termasuk penerapan preseden hukum, penyederhanaan prosedur administratif, penguatan kapasitas peradilan pajak, serta pengembangan mekanisme mediasi, tanpa mengabaikan prinsip-prinsip dasar Civil Law. Pendekatan ini diharapkan dapat mempercepat proses penyelesaian sengketa, meningkatkan kepatuhan wajib pajak, serta memperkuat kepercayaan publik terhadap sistem hukum perpajakan nasional.

Reformulation Of Mineral And Coal Mining Legal Policy Towards Strengthening The Principles Of Sustainability And Ecological Justice In Support Of The National Energy Transition Rahardjo, Anthony; Budianto, Azis
Dialog Legal: Jurnal Syariah, Jurisprudensi dan Tata Negara Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): Januari
Publisher : Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Syariah Wal Aqidah Ash-Shofa Manonjaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64367/dialoglegal.v2i1.134

Mineral and coal mining (Minerba) is a strategic sector in the Indonesian economy, but its management practices continue to raise serious issues related to environmental damage and ecological injustice. In the context of the national energy transition towards cleaner and more sustainable energy use, existing mining legal policies are deemed not fully adaptive to the need for environmental protection and the rights of affected communities. This study aims to analyze the current legal regulations for mineral and coal mining, identify their weaknesses, and formulate a direction for legal reform that can integrate the principles of sustainability and ecological justice. Using a normative juridical approach, this study looks at several relevant laws, such as Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management, Law Number 3 of 2020, and Law Number 6 of 2023 about Job Creation. The results indicate an imbalance between the interests of resource exploitation and environmental protection, as well as weak recognition of the rights of local and indigenous communities. Reformulation of mining legal policies needs to be directed at strengthening sustainable development principles, enforcing ecological obligations for mining businesses, and providing regulatory support for energy diversification. These efforts must be accompanied by increased oversight and law enforcement capacity to effectively and sustainably achieve the goals of the energy transition and ecological justice.

Reformulation of Criminal Sanctions For Perpetrators And Legal Protection For Victims of Sexual Harassment Rahardjo, Anthony; Jon Vic, Binsar
al-Battar: Jurnal Pamungkas Hukum Vol. 2 No. 3 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Yayasan Cendekia Gagayunan Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.63142/al-battar.v2i3.446

Sexual harassment remains a persistent and systemic problem in Indonesia, reflecting ongoing weaknesses in criminal regulation, law enforcement practices, and victim-oriented protection mechanisms. Although legal frameworks such as the Indonesian Criminal Code (Law No. 1 of 2023) and the Law on the Crime of Sexual Violence (Law No. 12 of 2022) have been enacted to address sexual violence, their implementation has not yet produced a sufficient deterrent effect for perpetrators nor comprehensive legal and psychosocial protection for victims. This study aims to critically examine the adequacy of existing criminal sanctions against perpetrators of sexual harassment and to formulate a more effective model of legal protection for victims based on principles of justice and victim recovery. The research is grounded in normative legal research employing a statutory and conceptual approach, with primary legal materials consisting of relevant legislation and secondary materials derived from legal doctrines, scholarly literature, and previous studies. The underlying hypothesis of this study is that current criminal sanctions and victim protection mechanisms are inadequate to address the complex impacts of sexual harassment and therefore require substantive reform. The findings indicate that the relatively light criminal penalties, evidentiary difficulties, and the persistence of victim-blaming practices undermine effective law enforcement and victim recovery. Accordingly, this study emphasizes the urgency of reformulating criminal sanctions to enhance their deterrent effect, strengthening victim-centered legal protection, improving access to legal aid and psychosocial rehabilitation, and refining evidentiary standards in judicial proceedings to ensure a more just, responsive, and comprehensive legal framework for addressing sexual harassment in Indonesia.

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