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All Journal Crown: Journal of Dentistry and Health Research Enigma in Education Enigma in Cultural
Khalil Jibran
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Religion Arts Humanities Dentistry Education Health Professions Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Public Health Other

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Frugal Innovation in Education: Designing and Evaluating Low-Bandwidth, Asynchronous Learning Systems for Remote Indonesian Schools Hesti Putri; Maya Enderson; Jasmila Tanjung; Matilda Munoz; Sarah Armalia; Jovanka Andina; Kevin Setiawan; Sudarto Sudarto; Khalil Jibran; Jasmine Alieva
Enigma in Education Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Enigma in Education
Publisher : Enigma Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61996/edu.v3i1.95

Abstract

The promise of educational technology (EdTech) to democratize learning in Indonesia is consistently undermined by a profound digital divide, particularly in remote and archipelagic regions where internet connectivity is poor and infrastructure is limited. This study explores the application of frugal innovation principles as a direct and context-aware strategy to address this challenge. A multi-phase, mixed-methods Design-Based Research (DBR) methodology was employed over 18 months. The study involved the collaborative design, development, and implementation of "Lentera," a low-bandwidth, asynchronous, and offline-first learning system, in six remote primary schools in the Maluku Islands. A quasi-experimental design compared three intervention schools with three control schools over one academic year. Data collection was extensive, including pre- and post-intervention literacy and numeracy assessments, System Usability Scale (SUS) surveys, system usage logs, semi-structured interviews with 18 teachers, and over 80 hours of classroom observation. Data were analyzed using a two-level Hierarchical Linear Model (HLM) to account for the clustered nature of students within schools. The Lentera system demonstrated high feasibility and positive user adoption, with offline peer-to-peer sharing proving to be a critical feature for content distribution. Quantitative analysis revealed a statistically significant and substantial improvement in learning outcomes for the intervention group in both literacy (γ = 11.85, p < 0.001) and numeracy (γ = 12.91, p < 0.001) compared to the control group, after controlling for pre-test scores. The mean System Usability Scale (SUS) score was 78.5, indicating well-above-average usability. Qualitative findings, drawn from a wide range of teacher interviews and classroom observations, highlighted the system's effectiveness in supporting student-centered, differentiated instruction and fostering teacher collaboration, aligning with the core principles of Indonesia's Kurikulum Merdeka. The study provides compelling evidence that frugal innovation, embodied in a context-aware learning system, presents a viable, effective, and scalable pathway to enhancing educational quality and equity in resource-constrained environments.
Virtual Veneration: A Critical Inquiry into the Sacralization and Valorization of Digital Heritage in the Metaverse Ifah Shandy; Kevin Setiawan; Khalil Jibran; Caelin Damayanti
Enigma in Cultural Vol. 3 No. 2 (2025): Enigma in Cultural
Publisher : Enigma Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61996/cultural.v3i2.111

Abstract

The emergence of the metaverse presents a paradigm shift for how cultural heritage is experienced and valued. While technical digitization is well-studied, the socio-cultural processes by which digital objects acquire profound, quasi-sacred meaning remain critically underexplored. This study undertakes a critical inquiry into "virtual veneration," examining the mechanisms through which digital artifacts are sacralized and valorized within metaverse environments. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was employed. Phase one involved a qualitative thematic analysis of three leading metaverse platforms (Decentraland, The Sandbox, VRChat) to identify key features of value creation. Phase two was a large-scale quantitative analysis of behavioral data from a diverse cohort of 10,000 users within the Virtual Artifact Interaction Model (VAIM), a controlled experimental environment. Acknowledging the philosophical limits of measuring "sacredness," we developed a composite "Index of High-Value Collective Attention" (HVCA) based on metrics of dwell time, interaction frequency, and social signal amplification to operationalize the behavioral markers of veneration. The qualitative analysis revealed three core themes: "The Architecture of Awe," "Ritualized Communitas," and "The Aura of Scarcity." The quantitative analysis demonstrated that "Community Narrative" was the most powerful predictor of an artifact's HVCA score (), far exceeding the impact of authenticity or scarcity. A significant synergistic effect was found between environmental conditions of "Exclusive Access" and "Ritualistic Interaction" (), confirming that architectural framing and social protocols work in concert. Social proof directed 65.4% of user attention, indicating that valorization is a socially contingent and path-dependent process. In conclusion, the sacralization of digital heritage is a complex socio-technical process contingent on platform design, community ritual, and perceived authenticity. However, this study concludes that these mechanisms, particularly when mediated by speculative economies, create a "networked aura" that functions as a political inversion of Walter Benjamin's original concept, re-ritualizing art for markets. The findings suggest the emergence of a "hyper-sacred"—emotionally potent but ontologically unmoored—posing profound ethical and philosophical questions for the future of cultural value.
The Epidemiology of Oral Carcinogenesis in the Indonesian Archipelago: A Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Analysis of Oral Cancer and Potentially Malignant Disorders Driven by Kretek Smoking and Betel Quid Chewing Mariana Alifah; Sudarto Sudarto; Khalil Jibran; Theresia Putri Sinaga; Lisye Tiur Simanjuntak; Priscilla Kapoor
Crown: Journal of Dentistry and Health Research Vol. 2 No. 2 (2024): Crown: Journal of Dentistry and Health Research
Publisher : Phlox Institute: Indonesian Medical Research Organization

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59345/crown.v2i2.240

Abstract

Introduction: Indonesia faces a severe but poorly quantified epidemic of oral cancer (OC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), driven by culturally endemic habits of kretek (clove cigarette) smoking and betel quid chewing. The absence of robust, large-scale epidemiological data has critically hampered the development of targeted public health interventions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of OC and OPMDs and to quantify their association with these specific cultural practices in a large, geographically diverse Indonesian population. Methods: A multi-center, cross-sectional study was conducted across the Indonesian archipelago, enrolling 17,850 adults aged ≥30 years through a stratified, multi-stage cluster sampling design at community primary health centers (Puskesmas). Participants completed a structured questionnaire and underwent a standardized oral examination by calibrated dental professionals. All statistical analyses, including bivariate tests and multivariable logistic regression, were performed using survey-specific methods to account for the complex sampling design (stratification, clustering, and weighting) to produce nationally representative estimates. Results: The overall, nationally-weighted prevalence of the combined OC/OPMD outcome was 5.7% (95% CI: 5.2% - 6.2%). The prevalence was 4.9% for OPMDs and 0.8% for OC. After adjusting for confounders in a survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression model, current kretek smoking (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 6.15; 95% CI: 4.98 - 7.59) and current betel quid chewing (AOR: 9.22; 95% CI: 7.31 - 11.63) were the most powerful factors associated with the presence of OC/OPMDs. A significant, non-linear dose-response relationship was observed for both habits. Conclusion: The burden of oral cancer and its precursors in Indonesia is substantial and is overwhelmingly associated with the culturally embedded habits of kretek smoking and betel quid chewing. These findings provide definitive, population-level evidence underscoring the urgent necessity for culturally-tailored public health strategies focused on cessation, regulation, and systematic early detection to mitigate this preventable cancer epidemic.
Co-Authors Caelin Damayanti Hesti Putri Ifah Shandy Jasmila Tanjung Jasmine Alieva Jovanka Andina Kevin Setiawan Lisye Tiur Simanjuntak Mariana Alifah Matilda Munoz Maya Enderson Priscilla Kapoor Sarah Armalia Sudarto Sudarto Theresia Putri Sinaga