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Employment or Exploitation? A Legal Comparative Study of Domestic Worker Protection in Singapore and Indonesia Antony, Antony; Osmond, Agung Pratama; Ali Sabisi, Muhammad; Azlyn, Nurul; Rahmadani, Aini; Shahrullah, Rina Shahriyani
LEGAL BRIEF Vol. 14 No. 2 (2025): June: Law Science and Field
Publisher : IHSA Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/legal.v14i2.1313

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the comparative legal protection systems for Domestic Workers (DWs) in Indonesia and Singapore, while highlighting the urgency of ratifying ILO Convention No. 189 as an international instrument to ensure decent work in the domestic sector. The research employs an empirical legal method, utilizing statutory, conceptual, and empirical approaches. The statutory approach involves reviewing national and international regulations related to labor and domestic worker protection. The data consist of primary data from observations and interviews, as well as secondary data from primary legal sources such as the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Law No. 13 of 2003, the Draft Bill on Domestic Workers, the Employment of Foreign Manpower Act (EFMA), the Employment Act, and international instruments such as ILO Convention No. 189. The data are analyzed using descriptive-qualitative methods with deductive reasoning to identify normative and empirical gaps in the protection of domestic workers. The findings reveal that both Indonesia and Singapore have yet to provide comprehensive legal protection for domestic workers, particularly regarding formal employment status, basic rights, and access to justice. The ratification of ILO Convention No. 189 is considered crucial for both countries to improve national legal frameworks, raise protection standards, and enhance their diplomatic position and international reputation in upholding human rights and social justice.
The Influence of the International Maritime Organization (Imo) Annex 375 Policy and Extraordinary Pioneer Services on Operational Efficiency and its Implications on the Voyage Cost of User Ships in the Strait of Malacca and Singapore Osmond, Agung Pratama; Simanjuntak, Marihot; Susilo, Hary
Dinasti International Journal of Digital Business Management Vol. 6 No. 5 (2025): Dinasti International Journal of Digital Business Management (August - Septembe
Publisher : Dinasti Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.38035/dijdbm.v6i5.5409

Abstract

This study addresses the urgency of improving operational efficiency and reducing voyage costs for service-user vessels operating in the strategic Malacca and Singapore Straits. It aims to examine the influence of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Annex 375 policy and exceptional pilotage services on operational efficiency and their implications for voyage costs. Adopting a descriptive quantitative approach, data were collected through surveys using questionnaires distributed online and offline, supported by documentation. The research population comprised all vessels served in 2024, with a sample of 142 respondents—vessel officers (captains, chief mates, and chief engineers) directly involved in navigation and pilotage services—selected using Slovin's formula. Data analysis employed Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via SmartPLS. Results reveal that both the IMO Annex 375 policy and exceptional pilotage services significantly enhance operational efficiency, which in turn positively reduces voyage costs. These findings highlight that implementing international maritime policies and optimizing pilotage services can strategically improve port competitiveness and user satisfaction. The study recommends aligning pilotage service SOPs with IMO standards and strengthening pilotage personnel capabilities to meet the challenges of increasingly complex and competitive global shipping
Ratifying the HCCH 2005 and 2019 Conventions: Legal Reform and the Pursuit of Certainty in Indonesia’s International Private Law Antony, Antony; Osmond, Agung Pratama; Sabisi, Muhammad Ali; Shahrullah, Rina Shahriyani
Law and Economics Vol. 19 No. 3 (2025): October: Law and Economics
Publisher : Institute for Law and Economics Studies

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35335/laweco.v19i3.219

Abstract

In the era of globalization, the increasing intensity of cross-border transactions demands a national legal system capable of ensuring legal certainty in international trade. However, Indonesia has yet to ratify the HCCH 2005 Convention on Choice of Court Agreements and the HCCH 2019 Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments. This study aims to analyze the urgency of ratifying both conventions in the context of Indonesia’s international trade, assess the readiness of national legal and institutional frameworks, and examine lessons learned from countries that have ratified similar conventions. This research adopts a normative legal approach using three methods: the statutory approach to examine the relevance of national regulations, the conceptual approach to understand the foundational principles of the HCCH conventions, and the comparative approach through case studies of ratifying countries. The data sources consist of primary legal materials such as international conventions and national legislation, as well as secondary materials including scholarly journals and legal literature. The research question in this study is: 1) What is the urgency of ratifying the 2005 and 2019 HCCH Conventions in Indonesia?; 2) How prepared is Indonesia's legal and institutional system to accept the ratification of the 2005 and 2019 HCCH Conventions?; and 3) What lessons can Indonesia learn from countries that have ratified the 2005 and 2019 HCCH Conventions?. The findings reveal that, despite Indonesia's significant economic potential, its legal system has not yet adequately accommodated the recognition of jurisdiction and enforcement of foreign judgments. Countries such as Mexico, Singapore, and members of the European Union have demonstrated that ratifying these conventions strengthens legal certainty, enhances investor confidence, and expedites the resolution of cross-border disputes. This study concludes that the ratification of the HCCH 2005 and 2019 Conventions must be an integral part of Indonesia’s civil law reform agenda. The implication is that Indonesia must revise its national regulations, enhance institutional capacity, and develop a structured ratification roadmap to ensure effective implementation and reinforce its legal standing within the global system