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All Journal INSPIRA: Indonesian Journal of Psychological Research Interdisciplinary Social Studies
Ruciswandaru, Ratriastu
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Religion Humanities Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Public Health Social Sciences

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Women's Representation in Politics: Impression Management Strategies in Responding to Gender-Based Challenges Among Female Politicians in Indonesia Ruciswandaru, Ratriastu; Kristi Poerwandari, Elizabeth
Interdisciplinary Social Studies Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): Regular Issue: April-June 2025
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/iss.v4i3.851

Abstract

Women's political representation in Indonesia continues to face gender-based challenges, including social expectations, leadership stereotypes, and pressures related to multiple roles. This study aims to explore how female politicians interpret and respond to these challenges through impression management strategies, and how they develop psychological resilience within a gender-biased political environment. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with six female politicians from various political levels and party backgrounds. The findings reveal that female politicians are aware of the conflicting expectations they face—being expected to appear feminine while simultaneously demonstrating assertiveness as leaders. In response, they employ various impression management strategies such as ingratiation, exemplification, and self-promotion in an adaptive and context-sensitive manner, aligned with conservative and religious sociopolitical settings. Despite emotional pressures stemming from gender stereotypes, they exhibit resilience through social support, emotion regulation, and strong intrinsic motivation. This study highlights that impression management is not merely a tool for maintaining public image but also a means of negotiating gender identity and roles within political spaces. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the psychological dynamics of female leadership and support the development of a more inclusive and gender-equitable political environment.
Development and validation of the parasocial relationships with religious figures scale Dewanti, Yunita; Ifthiharfi, Ratu; Hamka, Muhammad Ahyar; Ruciswandaru, Ratriastu; Syarif, Akhmad Saputra; Seniati, Ali Nina Liche
INSPIRA: Indonesian Journal of Psychological Research Vol 6 No 1 (2025): Vol. 6 No. 1 June 2025
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri Langsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32505/inspira.v6i1.11011

Abstract

The current study aimed to develop and validate the Parasocial Relationships with Religious Figures (PSR-R) scale, a multidimensional instrument designed to assess individuals' parasocial relationships with their idolized religious figures. A total of 301 participants aged 18–29 were recruited using convenience sampling, representing six religious groups in Indonesia. The scale development process involved item generation, expert evaluation, and confirmatory factor analysis to establish the structural validity of the scale. The final 25-item PSR-R scale demonstrated robust model fit (CFI = .908, RMSEA = .062, and SRMR = .607), capturing four dimensions: interest in, knowledge of, identification with, and interaction with. Internal consistency was high (? = .922), with dimension-level reliabilities ranging from .711 to .855 and significant intercorrelations among its four dimensions, supporting its validity as a multidimensional construct. Convergent validity was supported by a significant positive correlation with a measure of celebrity worship (r = .544, p < .001), suggesting that shared psychological processes underlie parasocial relationships across different domains. These findings support the PSR-R scale as a reliable and valid instrument for assessing parasocial relationships in religious contexts. By introducing a validated measurement tool, this study provides a foundation for further exploration of parasocial relationships with religious figures and their psychological implications. The scale offers theoretical and applied value for examining the psychological impact of mediated religious engagement. Future research should assess the cross-cultural generalizability of this approach, its role in identity development, and its potential applications in religious education, counseling, and mental health settings.
Finding reward in cost: A study of marriage satisfaction in Ta'aruf from the perspective of social exchange theory Ruciswandaru, Ratriastu; Evelyn, Evelyn; Hamka, Muhammad Ahyar; Ratnasari, Yudiana
Interdisciplinary Social Studies Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Regular Issue: January-March 2025
Publisher : International Journal Labs

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55324/iss.v4i2.787

Abstract

This study focuses on the experiences of married women through the ta'aruf process to understand how they interpret religious, social, and emotional roles in building marital satisfaction and how they manage the challenges that arise in domestic life. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews through Zoom Meeting. Data were analyzed thematically through transcription, grouping based on reward and cost dimensions, and interpretation of the meaning of respondents' experiences to identify general patterns in the dynamics of social exchange during marriage. The findings show that religion plays a key role in marriage-related decision-making among respondents, namely internal factors (attraction and relationship with the partner), external factors (family, socio-economic, or cultural), and belief factors (religious values). This study also emphasizes the concept that conflict can be perceived simultaneously as an interpersonal cost to the partner, as well as a reward in the spiritual dimension. These findings provide new insights into how couples manage marital challenges in a religious context.
Co-Authors Ali Nina Liche Seniati Dewanti, Yunita Elizabeth Kristi Poerwandari, Elizabeth Kristi EVELYN EVELYN Hamka, Muhammad Ahyar Ifthiharfi, Ratu Syarif, Akhmad Saputra Yudiana Ratnasari