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All Journal Medula Manuju : Malahayati Nursing Journal
Santhi, Komang Ria Yuliana
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Education Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Public Health

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Penatalaksanaan Impetigo : Infeksi Bakteri Kulit yang Paling Umum Santhi, Komang Ria Yuliana; Oktarlina, Rasmi Zakiah
Malahayati Nursing Journal Vol 7, No 8 (2025): Volume 7 Nomor 8 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Malahayati Lampung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33024/mnj.v7i8.21089

Abstract

ABSTRACT Bacterial skin infections are among the most frequently encountered health problems, particularly affecting pre-school and school-aged children. One of the most common superficial skin infections is impetigo, caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, and characterized by fragile pustular lesions that form honey-colored crusts. Transmission occurs through direct skin contact or indirectly via contaminated objects. Effective management of impetigo requires accurate diagnosis, proper selection of both topical and systemic antibiotic therapies, and preventive measures to halt further transmission. This study employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by analyzing scientific journals focusing on the effectiveness and safety of antibiotic treatments, challenges related to resistance, and relevant prevention strategies. The review reveals that topical antibiotics such as mupirocin, fusidic acid, retapamulin, and ozenoxacin are effective for mild to moderate cases, while systemic antibiotics are reserved for more severe or widespread infections. Preventive efforts that emphasize personal hygiene and environmental sanitation also play a crucial role in breaking the chain of transmission. A comprehensive and rational approach to impetigo management can enhance treatment outcomes and reduce complications across various levels of healthcare services. Keywords: Impetigo, Skin Infections, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Antibiotics  ABSTRAK Infeksi kulit akibat bakteri merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang sering ditemui, terutama pada anak-anak usia pra-sekolah hingga usia sekolah. Salah satu bentuk infeksi kulit superfisial yang paling umum adalah impetigo, yang disebabkan oleh Staphylococcus aureus dan Streptococcus pyogenes, dengan gejala khas berupa lesi pustularyang mudah pecah dan membentuk krusta berwarna madu. Penularan terjadi melalui kontak langsung maupun tidak langsung dengan benda yang terkontaminasi. Penatalaksanaan impetigo membutuhkan diagnosis yang akurat, pemilihan terapi antibiotik yang tepat baik topikal maupun sistemik, serta langkah-langkah pencegahan untuk menghindari penyebaran lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan menganalisis jurnal ilmiah yang membahas efektivitas dan keamanan terapi antibiotik, tantangan resistensi, serta strategi pencegahan yang relevan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa antibiotik topikal seperti mupirocin, asam fusidat, retapamulin, dan ozenoxacin efektif untuk kasus ringan hingga sedang, sementara antibiotik sistemikdigunakan pada kasus yang berat atau meluas. Strategi pencegahan berbasis kebersihan diri dan lingkungan juga memainkan peran penting dalam memutus rantai penularan. Dengan pendekatan yang komprehensif dan rasional, impetigo dapat ditangani secara efektif dan komplikasi dapat diminimalkan di berbagai tingkat layanan kesehatan. Kata Kunci: Impetigo, Infeksi Kulit, Staphylococcus Aureus, Streptococcus Pyogenes, Antibiotik
Perkembangan Strategi Pengobatan β-Thalassemia Santhi, Komang Ria Yuliana; Sangging, Putu Ristyaning Ayu; Jausal, Anisa Nuraisa; Ismunandar, Helmi
Medula Vol 15 No 4 (2025): Medula
Publisher : CV. Jasa Sukses Abadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53089/medula.v15i4.1663

Abstract

β-thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder caused by mutations in the β-globin gene that reduce or eliminate β-globin chain synthesis, leading to hypochromic microcytic anemia and significant morbidity worldwide. The disorder is prevalent in South Asia, Southeast Asia, the Mediterranean, the Middle East, India, and Africa, with approximately 1.5% of the global population identified as carriers. Severe complications, including iron overload, skeletal deformities, heart failure, and multi-organ damage, contribute to its substantial global health burden. This narrative literature review synthesizes evidence from PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar to examine conventional and emerging therapeutic strategies for β-thalassemia, with particular emphasis on recent advances in gene therapy. Standard management relies on regular blood transfusions and iron chelation, which remain supportive and are associated with long-term complications. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only established curative treatment, especially effective in pediatric patients with matched HLA donors, although its availability is limited. Novel pharmacologic agents, such as luspatercept and mitapivat, have demonstrated reductions in transfusion requirements and improvements in hemoglobin production. Additional approaches, including fetal hemoglobin induction and modulation of iron metabolism, show encouraging potential. A major breakthrough is CRISPR-based gene therapy using exagamglogene autotemcel (Casgevy), approved by the FDA and EMA in 2024, with phase 3 trials reporting transfusion independence in more than 90% of patients and significant quality-of-life improvements. Despite persistent challenges related to cost, access, and long-term safety, these advances indicate a paradigm shift toward precision medicine with curative potential for β-thalassemia.
Co-Authors Helmi Ismunandar Jausal, Anisa Nuraisa Rasmi Zakiah Oktarlina Sangging, Putu Ristyaning Ayu