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LITERATURE REVIEW: THE POTENTIAL OF NON-EDIBLE OILS AS RAW MATERIALS FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION: TINJAUAN PUSTAKA: POTENSI MINYAK NON-NON-MAKAN SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PRODUKSI BIODIESEL Heni Sugesti; Yogi Chandra; Isma Uly Maranggi; Wahyu Triaji Rahadianto; Eka Putri
Chemical Engineering Journal Storage (CEJS) Vol. 5 No. 3 (2025): Chemical Engineering Journal Storage (CEJS)-June 2025
Publisher : LPPM Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/cejs.v5i3.23092

Abstract

The global energy crisis and limited fossil fuel resources have prompted the search for sustainable alternative fuels. Biodiesel is one of the environmentally friendly renewable energy solutions that can be produced from various sources, including non-edible oils. Non-edible oils, such as karanja, jatropha, mahua, castor, neem, linseed, jojoba, and rapeseed, offer several advantages, including not competing with food crops, high lipid content, and the ability to be cultivated on marginal land. Biodiesel production from non-edible oils is carried out through a transesterification process using short-chain alcohol with the aid of catalysts, both homogeneous and heterogeneous. The study results indicate that homogeneous base catalysts achieve high conversion efficiencies under specific reaction conditions. Meanwhile, heterogeneous catalysts also provide high yields (>90%). The use of heterogeneous catalysts offers advantages in separation and recycling processes. Based on these findings, non-edible oils have proven to be a viable and strategic feedstock for the production of second-generation biodiesel. This approach supports the development of sustainable energy and the reduction of carbon emissions in the future.
Fixed-Bed Column Performance of NaOH-Activated Hybrid Adsorbent Derived from Jengkol Peels and Coconut Shells for Cu(II) Removal Dwi Indah Lestari; Linda Ekawati; Syariful Maliki; Zeolita Prabu Putri; Isma Uly Maranggi
Science Education and Application Journal Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Science Education and Application Journal
Publisher : Program Studi Pendidikan IPA, Universitas Islam Lamongan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30736/seaj.v8i1.1324

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the dynamic performance of NaOH-activated hybrid adsorbent derived from jengkol peels and coconut shell for Cu(II) removal in a fixed-bed column. The performance indicators include the adsorption capacity, removal efficiency, and structural characterization. The hybrid adsorbent was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify functional groups that play a role in the adsorption process and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The FTIR characterization results showed that the hybrid adsorbent was rich in functional groups such as hydroxyl (-OH), aromatic stretching (C=C), and aliphatic (C-H) groups. Meanwhile, the SEM characterization showed that the surface structure of the adsorbent tended to be honeycomb-shaped with varying pores. The adsorption test was performed in a downflow fixed-bed column under continuous operation with a total operation time of 30 minutes. Under the tested conditions (influent concentration of 100 mg/L and flow rate of 25 mL/min), 95% removal was achieved at 30 min in the fixed-bed column system, corresponding to a dynamic adsorption capacity of 11.3 mg/g. Kinetic modelling indicated that the Thomas and Yoon – Nelson models provided a better fit than the Adam-Bohart model, indicating that adsorption was primarily controlled by surface kinetics rather than intraparticle diffusion. This biomass waste-based hybrid adsorbent has the potential to be an environmentally friendly alternative for treating liquid waste containing Cu ions.