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AKIBAT HUKUM DALAM PEMBIAYAAN KONSUMEN YANG TIDAK DISERTAI DENGAN PERJANJIAN FIDUSIA Erlina, Erlina; Idris, Zulherman; Zaharnika, R. Febrina Andarina
Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum Vol. 1 No. 2 (2022): Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Hukum
Publisher : Yayasan Pendidikan Islam Almatani

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55583/jkih.v1i2.239

Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 1999 tentang Jaminan fidusia, menyatakan bahwa setiap pembebanan objek jaminan dengan fidusia dilakukan dengan sebuah Akta Notaris, setelah itu akta tersebut didaftarkan kebagian pendaftaran fidusia di kantor Departemen Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia untuk mendapatkan sertifikat Fidusia. Terbitnya sertifikat fidusia akan mendapat hak-hak kebendaan bagi penerima fidusia dalam hal ini perusahaan pembiayaan, sehingga penerima fidusia akan diuntungkan dengan mendapatkan hak-hak kebendaan, seperti kemutlakan dalam kepemilikan objek jaminan, hak untuk mengikuti kemanapun benda berada serta didahulukan pemenuhan piutangnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui akibat hukum dalam pembiayaan konsumen yang tidak disertai dengan perjanjian fidusia. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Pembiayaan Konsumen yang tidak disertai dengan perjanjian fidusia dalam bentuk Akta Notaris serta tidak mendaftarkan kebagian pendaftaran fidusia. Dengan demikian berakibat tidak mendapatkan perlindungan hukum bagi para pihak, khususnya bagi pihak perusahaan pembiayaan dalam bentuk penguasaan objek jaminan.

Analisis Yuridis Akibat Hukum Kedudukan Anak Yang Lahir Dari Perjanjian Sewa Rahim (Surrogacy) Terhadap Ibu Pengganti Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam Zaharnika, R. Febrina Andarina; Erlina, Erlina
Jurnal Kajian Pemerintah: Journal of Government, Social and Politics Vol. 11 No. 2 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/jkp.2025.vol11(2).27253

The development of assisted reproductive technology, particularly the practice of surrogacy, has given rise to various legal issues, especially concerning the legal status of children born through surrogacy and their legal relationship with the surrogate mother. In Indonesia, surrogacy is not explicitly regulated in statutory law, resulting in legal uncertainty regarding the civil status of the child and the rights and obligations of the parties involved. This issue becomes more complex when examined from the perspective of Islamic law, which has specific provisions concerning lineage (nasab), motherhood, and the validity of agreements. This research aims to analyze the legal consequences concerning the status of children born from surrogacy agreements in relation to the surrogate mother from the perspectives of positive law and Islamic law. The research method employed is normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The data sources consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, which are analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study indicate that from the perspective of Indonesian positive law, the practice of surrogacy is not legally recognized and contradicts statutory provisions in the fields of health and marriage law, rendering surrogacy agreements legally unenforceable. Consequently, the legal status of the child tends to follow the woman who gives birth, based on the principle of mater semper certa est. Meanwhile, from the perspective of Islamic law, surrogacy is generally considered impermissible as it leads to the mixing of lineage and contradicts the principle of clarity of descent. The child is attributed to the woman who gives birth rather than to the genetic mother. Therefore, both positive law and Islamic law place the surrogate mother as the party having a legal relationship with the child born through surrogacy.

Analisis Yuridis Akibat Hukum Kedudukan Anak Yang Lahir Dari Perjanjian Sewa Rahim (Surrogacy) Terhadap Ibu Pengganti Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam Zaharnika, R. Febrina Andarina; Erlina, Erlina
Jurnal Kajian Pemerintah: Journal of Government, Social and Politics Vol. 11 No. 2 (2025): Oktober
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/jkp.2025.vol11(2).27253

The development of assisted reproductive technology, particularly the practice of surrogacy, has given rise to various legal issues, especially concerning the legal status of children born through surrogacy and their legal relationship with the surrogate mother. In Indonesia, surrogacy is not explicitly regulated in statutory law, resulting in legal uncertainty regarding the civil status of the child and the rights and obligations of the parties involved. This issue becomes more complex when examined from the perspective of Islamic law, which has specific provisions concerning lineage (nasab), motherhood, and the validity of agreements. This research aims to analyze the legal consequences concerning the status of children born from surrogacy agreements in relation to the surrogate mother from the perspectives of positive law and Islamic law. The research method employed is normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The data sources consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, which are analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study indicate that from the perspective of Indonesian positive law, the practice of surrogacy is not legally recognized and contradicts statutory provisions in the fields of health and marriage law, rendering surrogacy agreements legally unenforceable. Consequently, the legal status of the child tends to follow the woman who gives birth, based on the principle of mater semper certa est. Meanwhile, from the perspective of Islamic law, surrogacy is generally considered impermissible as it leads to the mixing of lineage and contradicts the principle of clarity of descent. The child is attributed to the woman who gives birth rather than to the genetic mother. Therefore, both positive law and Islamic law place the surrogate mother as the party having a legal relationship with the child born through surrogacy.

Analisis Yuridis Dispensasi Perkawinan Terhadap Pengaruh Pelaksanaan Batas Usia Perkawinan Pasca Revisi Undang-Undang N0. 16 Tahun 2019 Zaharnika, R. Febrina Andarina; Erlina, Erlina; Putri, Anggelin Ardina Dwi
Jurnal Kajian Pemerintah: Journal of Government, Social and Politics Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): Oktober
Publisher : UIR Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25299/jkp.2026.vol12(2).29682

Child marriage in Indonesia remains a complex issue despite the revision of Law Number 1 of 1974 through Law Number 16 of 2019, which sets the minimum age for marriage at 19 years for both men and women. However, the existence of a marriage dispensation mechanism granted by the court remains a factor that allows underage marriage to occur. This study aims to analyze the legal basis of marriage dispensation and its impact on the effectiveness of the implementation of the marriage age limit. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach. The results show that marriage dispensation remains a legal loophole that affects the effective implementation of Law Number 16 of 2019. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen regulations and supervision in granting marriage dispensation to protect children's rights.

Judicial Discretion and Legal Certainty in Marriage Dispensation: A Normative Analysis of Supreme Court Regulation No. 5 of 2019 Implementation in Indonesian Religious Courts Zaharnika, R. Febrina Andarina; Syafrinaldi, Syafrinaldi; Hamzah, Rosyidi
Journal of Law and Social Politics Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): Journal of Law and Social Politics
Publisher : Politeknik Siber Cerdika Internasional

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59261/jlsp.v4i3.132

Background: As part of efforts to protect young people and reduce underage marriage, the legal marriage age was raised to 19 for everyone under Law No. 16 of 2019. This regulatory change has, in fact, led to a surge in requests for exemptions within the judicial system, raising questions about its overall impact. Although the Supreme Court has intervened with the Supreme Court Regulation (PERMA) No. 5 of 2019 to provide guidelines for judges, differing viewpoints in court rulings continue to undermine legal consistency. Objective: This research investigates the judicial reasoning behind the approval of marriage exceptions under PERMA Number 5 of 2019 and what it signifies for the predictable and consistent application of Law Number 16 of 2019. Methods: The methodology for this research relies on normative legal studies, utilizing case, conceptual, and statutory approaches. It gathers foundational evidence from primary instruments like Law Number 16 of 2019, PERMA Number 5 of 2019, and judicial decisions, alongside secondary data from legal doctrines, journals, and books. To evaluate the information, a qualitative analysis was conducted to compare legal standards against their implementation. Results: Findings identify three dominant judicial reasoning patterns: pregnancy-based considerations (most frequent), family pressure, and economic hardship. Although PERMA emphasizes child welfare, its application is inconsistent, resulting in disparities in court decisions. Conclusion: The study shows a gap between normative regulation and judicial practice, which weakens legal certainty. It proposes strengthening the binding force of PERMA No. 5 of 2019 to improve consistency and child protection outcomes.

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