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Exploring Paradiplomacy in Cybersecurity: A Case Study on Cyber Defense Academy in Singhasari Special Economic Zone Safira, Putri Alyaa; Diphda, Bintang Corvi; Hannun, Syaharanie Mulya
Journal of Paradiplomacy and City Networks Vol. 4 No. 1: June 2025
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jpcn.v4i1.101

Abstract

Various studies on paradiplomacy have been conducted in Indonesia. However, only a few have addressed the advancement of cybersecurity within the paradiplomacy framework. Therefore, this study explored the paradiplomacy in the cybersecurity sector, using the Cyber Defense Academy (CDA) in the Singhasari Special Economic Zone (SEZ) as a case study. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method through document analysis, interview data with a CDA representative, and secondary literature. The findings indicated that through collaboration with sub-national partners from India, such as Diaas.in and Aquarii India, the CDA represented a new model of paradiplomatic governance under the coordination of the Singhasari SEZ. This study concluded that the CDA denoted a new form of paradiplomacy with the potential to strengthen Indonesia’s cybersecurity network and emerged as a distinct type of actor within the paradiplomatic landscape.
Decision-Making Process of the United States Withdrawal from Afghanistan in 2020-2021 Diphda, Bintang Corvi; Safira, Putri Alyaa; Ramadhani, Yoga; Gultom, Gertha Maria; Foraihmbarasi, Angelique Kishiola Prima
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND SOCIAL RESEARCH Vol 8, No 4 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Smart Education

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54314/jssr.v8i4.4764

Abstract

This article explains why the United States chose to withdraw troops from Afghanistan in 2020-2021 by applying Graham Allisons decision-making models. Using a qualitative desk review, this article systematically identified, selected, and analysed secondary sources, then conducted a thematic analysis aligned with the Rational Actor, Organisational Process, and Bureaucratic Politics frameworks. The findings show that, as a rational actor, the U.S. pursued strategic aims of cost reduction, force protection, and fulfilment of political commitments, enabled in part by the Doha framework. Organisational procedures within the Department of Defence, the State Department, and CENTCOM shaped the pace, sequencing, and modalities of withdrawal. Bureaucratic bargaining among the President, senior defence leaders, and the special envoy structured key choices and trade-offs. This article concludes that the exit was driven by rational goals filtered through institutional routines and interagency politics. Policy implications include earlier whole-of-government planning, tighter diplomatic coordination with partners, and robust contingency arrangements.
Analyzing the Underlying Factors of Indonesia's Decision to Sign the Indonesia-Peru Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IP-CEPA): Menganalisis Faktor-Faktor Dasar di Balik Keputusan Indonesia untuk Menandatangani Perjanjian Kemitraan Ekonomi Komprehensif Indonesia-Peru (IP-CEPA) Diphda, Bintang Corvi; Elnathan, Andrew; Arianto, Delvin Pramatya; Muhammad, Najmil; Hafizh, Sultan Baariq
Citizen : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Indonesia Vol. 5 No. 6 (2025): CITIZEN: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Indonesia
Publisher : DAS Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53866/jimi.v5i6.1058

Abstract

This article explains why Indonesia decided to sign the Indonesia-Peru Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement by applying Solis and Katada’s three-motive lens: economic, security, and leverage. The study uses a qualitative desk review with thematic analysis and triangulation of official documents, negotiation records, and 2020-2025 trade statistics. The case shows a rapid process from the first formal round in May 2024 to the conclusion in August 2025 and signature on 11 August 2025. Economically, the agreement addresses discrimination risks by removing most tariffs at entry into force, with Peru covering about 90,68% of lines and Indonesia about 92,26%, and by clarifying rules of origin, customs, and cooperation on technical barriers to trade and sanitary and phytosanitary measures. Security motives are visible in the presidential ceremony tied to 50 years of diplomatic relations, a joint declaration, and a parallel cooperation memorandum that widens cross-regional engagement with an American Latin partner. Leverage motives appear in goods-first sequencing, reusable chapter designs, and committee structures that build capacity for later talks. This further implies the need for further policy adjustment from the Indonesia government in terms of adjusting the implementation process, providing a comprehensive help desk, and improving coordination among various stakeholders.