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Formulation and Activity Test of Grapefruit Peel Extract Anti-Acne Gel Preparation (Citrus maxima Merr.) Against Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acne Bacteries Latu, Saparuddin; Jangga; Suleman, Abdul Wahid; Putri, Hardyanti Eka; Herman, Sriyana; Mahmudah, Rifa’atul; Rusli; Nurhikmah
Public Health of Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): July - September
Publisher : YCAB Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36685/phi.v11i3.1005

Abstract

Background: Grapefruit (Citrus maxima Merr.) peel is known to contain bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, tannins, and flavonoids, which exhibit potential antibacterial properties, particularly against acne-causing bacteria.Objective: This study aimed to formulate an anti-acne gel incorporating grapefruit peel extract, evaluate its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Propionibacterium acnes (PA), and determine the optimal extract concentration for inhibiting bacterial growth.Methods: A laboratory-based experimental study was conducted using the well diffusion (pitting) method to assess antibacterial activity. Gel formulations containing grapefruit peel extract at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% were tested against SA and PA.Results: The formulated gels demonstrated acceptable physical stability. The inhibition zones against SA were as follows: 5% (F1) = 10.2 mm, 10% (F2) = 11.2 mm, and 15% (F3) = 11.1 mm. Against PA, the inhibition zones were: F1 = 11.7 mm, F2 = 13.3 mm, and F3 = 11.7 mm. The 10% formulation (F2) exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against both bacterial strains, falling within the "strong" inhibition category.Conclusion: Grapefruit peel extract can be successfully formulated into an anti-acne gel and demonstrates effective antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes. Among the tested concentrations, 10% was identified as the most effective for bacterial inhibition. Keywords: grapefruit peel; citrus maxima; extract; antibacterial activity; anti-acne gel
PERAN RETIKULUM ENDOPLASMA MEMICU KEMATIAN SEL KANKER DAN IMUN RESPONS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Putri, Hardyanti Eka
Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai Vol. 5 No. 3 (2024): SEPTEMBER 2024
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/jkt.v5i3.29442

Abstract

Tinjauan sistematis ini bertujuan untuk menambah informasi mengenai peran retikulum endoplasma (RE) dan Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) dalam pengembangan terapi antikanker. Metode yang digunakan adalah tinjauan literatur dari berbagai basis data, dengan seleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Berdasarkan hasil penelusuran pustaka, dilaporkan bahwa respons stres pada RE menjadi salah satu target potensial yang dapat memengaruhi pertumbuhan sel kanker. Sementara, protein Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) menjadi indikator ICD yang kemudian meningkatkan respons imun terhadap sel kanker. Hal ini memberikan wawasan tentang strategi dan target terapi dalam penelitian antikanker. Selain itu, tinjauan ini menjelaskan peluang penerapan terapi berbasis stres RE, termasuk peran jalur sinyal spesifik respons RE dan perkembangan penelitian antikanker. Kesimpulan dari tinjauan ini menekankan pentingnya penelitian lanjutan untuk mengoptimalkan terapi berbasis respons RE dan ICD dalam mengembangkan terapi antikanker yang lebih efisien dan efektif di masa depan, serta membuka jalan bagi inovasi dalam pendekatan imunoterapi.