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All Journal Chemistry Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Jurnal Mandala Pharmacon Indonesia
Rahma, Nur Atika
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Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Engineering Environmental Science Medicine & Pharmacology

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Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Antiperspirant Preparations Against Staphylococcus epidermidis Dwisari, Fath; Dermawan, Abdurraafi Maududi; Amalia, Puspa; Tjoadri, Tessa Nathalia; Rahma, Nur Atika
Indonesian Journal of Chemical Research Vol 13 No 2 (2025): Edition for September 2025
Publisher : Jurusan Kimia, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Pattimura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30598/ijcr.2025.13-fat

Abstract

Commercial antiperspirant products commonly incorporate synthetic compounds, several of which have raised concerns due to their potential carcinogenicity. Moreover, the inclusion of natural antibacterial agents in these formulations remains limited. Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Rosella), a plant rich in bioactive secondary metabolites, offers a promising natural alternative. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of rosella-based antiperspirant formulations, particularly against Staphylococcus epidermidis, a key contributor to body odor. Three formulations (F1, F2, and F3) were developed and assessed based on several parameters: pH, organoleptic properties, homogeneity, spreadability, adhesiveness, and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis. The results demonstrated that the antiperspirant preparations complied with standard evaluation criteria. Furthermore, the antibacterial assay outcomes yielded statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in the mean diameter of the inhibition zones, indicating that H. sabdariffa L. exhibited measurable antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis. These findings support the potential application of Rosella extract in developing natural and efficacious anti-perspirant products.
Antibacterial Activity of Bajakah Tampala (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk.) Methanol Extract in Roll-On Deodorant against Staphylococcus epidermidis Dwisari, Fath; Dermawan, Abdurraafi' Maududi; Rahma, Nur Atika; Tjoadri, Tessa Nathalia; Abidin, Khoirul Rista
Jurnal Mandala Pharmacon Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Mandala Pharmacon Indonesia 
Publisher : Program Studi Farmasi Universitas Mandala Waluya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35311/jmpi.v11i2.865

Abstract

Body malodor results from the bacterial breakdown of apocrine gland secretions, with Staphylococcus epidermidis identified as a key contributor. Conventional deodorants often rely on synthetic compounds that may cause skin irritation or pose long-term health risks. This study aimed to formulate and assess an antibacterial roll-on deodorant containing methanolic extract of Spatholobus littoralis Hassk., a Kalimantan-native medicinal plant known for its antibacterial properties. The extract, prepared via maceration, was incorporated into a multiphase emulsion base comprising zinc ricinoleate, aluminum potassium sulfate, Carbopol 940, triethanolamine, Lexemul CS20, BHT, and phenoxyethanol. The formulations were evaluated for their physicochemical characteristics—pH, spreadability, adhesiveness, and homogeneity—as well as antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis using the disc diffusion assay. The extract-containing formulations (F1–F3) exhibited a beige color, herbal aroma, and uniform texture. The pH values (4.12–4.35) were within the dermally acceptable range. The spreadability varied from 4.59 to 4.81?cm, while the adhesiveness ranged from 0.34?s to 5.25?min, indicating favorable application and retention properties. Antibacterial testing showed inhibition zones of 10.40–12.37?mm, comparable to a commercial control (p?>?0.05). These findings suggest that S. littoralis extract is a potential natural, skin-compatible antibacterial agent for topical deodorant applications
Co-Authors Abidin, Khoirul Rista Amalia, Puspa Dermawan, Abdurraafi Maududi Fath Dwisari Tjoadri, Tessa Nathalia