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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Geography Jurnal Geografi
Hermawan, Hannan Revi
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Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Environmental Science Social Sciences Other

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Learning from the past: Vulnerability analysis and cascading hazard classification of the three major volcanic eruptions in Indonesia Malawani, Mukhamad Ngainul; Hadmoko, Danang Sri; Rachmadan, Firdaus Alif; Pratiwi, Dinda; Hermawan, Hannan Revi; Hayat, Dimas Maula; Laksono, Agung; Wibisono, Hafidz; Handayani, Tiara
Indonesian Journal of Geography Vol 57, No 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Geography
Publisher : Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijg.102139

Abstract

This research addresses a significant gap in understanding the social impacts of three major volcanic eruptions in Indonesia: Samalas in 1257, Tambora in 1815, and Krakatau in 1883. While these events have been widely studied in geological and volcanic contexts, their societal impacts and the associated cascading hazards have not been thoroughly compared. Utilizing historical documents that reflect societal memories, including Babad Lombok, Babad Sembalun, Babad Suwung, Syair Kerajaan Bima, and Syair Lampung Karam alongside records from the Dutch East Indies period, this study investigates the community responses and impacts of these catastrophic events. The findings reveal that all documented social memories articulate the communities' reactions and the resultant consequences of these eruptions. Additionally, geological and volcanological data from prior studies were employed to describe the characteristics of past vulnerabilities. Notably, Samalas exhibited the longest recovery process, whereas Krakatau resulted in the highest number of casualties due to its cascading hazards. All events are categorized within the M4 scale of cascading hazards, emphasizing the complexity of these disasters. This research offers critical insights into Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) programs, highlighting the necessity of integrating historical social memory into modern risk management strategies. By understanding past community responses, DRR initiatives can better prepare for future volcanic events, ensuring a more resilient society. Received: 2024-12-03 Revised: 2025-04-30 Accepted: 2025-08-06 Published: 2025-08-20  
Utilizing Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation for Analyzing Physical and Social Vulnerability at Merapi Volcano Hermawan, Hannan Revi; Hizbaron, Dyah Rahmawati
JURNAL GEOGRAFI Vol. 17 No. 2 (2025): JURNAL GEOGRAFI
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24114/jg.v17i2.60443

Abstract

Merapi Volcano is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia, which poses a primary eruption hazard in the form of pyroclastic flows. Pakem District is one of the areas affected by the eruption. Vulnerability is the situation where a community experiences a decrease in resilience due to a threatening event that jeopardizes their survival and livelihood. Vulnerability analysis aims to reduce disaster risk. The purpose of this research is to map and analyze the social, physical, and total vulnerability resulting from the eruption of Merapi  Volcano in Pakem District using the SMCE method. This research employs the Spatial Multi Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) method to create scenarios based on specific criteria. The results indicate that each village has various classifications of social and physical vulnerability classes. Population density is the most significant variable affecting social vulnerability, whereas the estimated losses from housing damage are the most significant variable influencing physical vulnerability. The results of total vulnerability scenarios, including social, physical, and equal, show the same and consistent class classifications. Candibinangun Village, Harjobinangun Village, and Pakembinangun Village are classified as low total vulnerability. Meanwhile, Hargobinangun Village is classified as low and medium total vulnerability, while Purwobinangun Village is classified as low, medium, and high total vulnerability.
Co-Authors Danang Sri Hadmoko Hayat, Dimas Maula Hizbaron, Dyah Rahmawati Laksono, Agung Malawani, Mukhamad Ngainul Pratiwi, Dinda Rachmadan, Firdaus Alif Tiara Handayani Wibisono, Hafidz