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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Geography IJOG : Indonesian Journal on Geoscience
Hayat, Dimas Maula
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Earth & Planetary Sciences

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Review on the Impacts of the Samalas Eruption (1257 CE) to the Hydrogeological Conditions of Mataram, Lombok, Indonesia Malawani, Mukhamad Ngainul; Hadmoko, Danang Sri; Lavigne, Franck; Agniy, Romza Fauzan; Hayat, Dimas Maula; Astabella, Relinda Dewi; Laksono, Agung; Syamsuddin, Syamsuddin; Mutaqin, Bachtiar Wahyu
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 11 No. 3 (2024)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.11.3.339-348

Abstract

This paper examines the local impacts of the 1257 CE Samalas eruption in the Mataram plain in relation to the hydrogeological conditions. Data from several previous studies in the Mataram plain is summarized and then reinterpreted. Data collected from new fieldwork is also presented. This review summarizes hydrogeological conditions into several categories, i.e. stratigraphy, aquifer formation, groundwater quality, and evolution. Two coring data were evaluated, which showed that Mataram plain has a relatively thick alluvial layer with a dominant material of sand mixed with pumice from the reworked deposit of the 1257 CE Samalas eruption. The sediment from this eruption formed a freshwater aquifer layer up to ~18 m deep. Using resistivity data, the aquifer layers in the studied area were characterized as unconfined aquifer, aquitard, and semi-unconfined aquifer. Seven water samples show that the groundwater in the studied area is in good condition, which indicates the bicarbonate water type. The results of the analysis show that the impact of the 1257 CE Samalas eruption on the hydrogeology of Mataram is considered a positive impact, i.e. forming an unconfined aquifer containing freshwater that is good for domestic uses.
Learning from the past: Vulnerability analysis and cascading hazard classification of the three major volcanic eruptions in Indonesia Malawani, Mukhamad Ngainul; Hadmoko, Danang Sri; Rachmadan, Firdaus Alif; Pratiwi, Dinda; Hermawan, Hannan Revi; Hayat, Dimas Maula; Laksono, Agung; Wibisono, Hafidz; Handayani, Tiara
Indonesian Journal of Geography Vol 57, No 2 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Geography
Publisher : Faculty of Geography, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijg.102139

Abstract

This research addresses a significant gap in understanding the social impacts of three major volcanic eruptions in Indonesia: Samalas in 1257, Tambora in 1815, and Krakatau in 1883. While these events have been widely studied in geological and volcanic contexts, their societal impacts and the associated cascading hazards have not been thoroughly compared. Utilizing historical documents that reflect societal memories, including Babad Lombok, Babad Sembalun, Babad Suwung, Syair Kerajaan Bima, and Syair Lampung Karam alongside records from the Dutch East Indies period, this study investigates the community responses and impacts of these catastrophic events. The findings reveal that all documented social memories articulate the communities' reactions and the resultant consequences of these eruptions. Additionally, geological and volcanological data from prior studies were employed to describe the characteristics of past vulnerabilities. Notably, Samalas exhibited the longest recovery process, whereas Krakatau resulted in the highest number of casualties due to its cascading hazards. All events are categorized within the M4 scale of cascading hazards, emphasizing the complexity of these disasters. This research offers critical insights into Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) programs, highlighting the necessity of integrating historical social memory into modern risk management strategies. By understanding past community responses, DRR initiatives can better prepare for future volcanic events, ensuring a more resilient society. Received: 2024-12-03 Revised: 2025-04-30 Accepted: 2025-08-06 Published: 2025-08-20  
Co-Authors Agniy, Romza Fauzan Astabella, Relinda Dewi Danang Sri Hadmoko Franck Lavigne, Franck Hermawan, Hannan Revi Laksono, Agung Malawani, Mukhamad Ngainul Mutaqin, Bachtiar Wahyu Pratiwi, Dinda Rachmadan, Firdaus Alif Syamsuddin Syamsuddin Tiara Handayani Wibisono, Hafidz