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Cost-effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer: a scoping review Venanti, Bernadeta Setyo; Rizky Danang Susetyo; Hilmy Irsyadi Hanif; Tri Murti Andayani; Zullies Ikawati
Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy Vol 6 No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing Universitas Gadjah Mada and Indonesian Pharmacologist Association or Ikatan Farmakologi Indonesia (IKAFARI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijpther.21778

Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive malignancy associated with poor clinical outcomes and substantial economic burden. Standard chemotherapy treatment offers limited survival benefits, whereas immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have broadened therapeutic options. This review evaluates the cost-effectiveness of ICIs compared to conventional chemotherapy in TNBC and aims to identify which ICI provides the most favorable economic value. Using the PICO framework, which focuses on TNBC patients receiving chemotherapy as intervention and ICIs as comparators. The primary outcomes include incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and/or life years gained (LYG). Thearticles were selected based on the PRISMA strategy. A comprehensive selection of articles published from January 2020 to December 2024 was analyzed from PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and Scopus. TNBC commonly shows high tumor T-cell infiltration and Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression, making ICIs such as atezolizumab and pembrolizumab viable treatment options. Atezolizumab improvedprogression-free survival (PFS) but was not found to be cost-effective in Singapore or the U.S. Pembrolizumab, however, significantly improved event-free survival (EFS) and demonstrated cost-effective across multiple countries, including Egypt, the United States of America (USA), and Switzerland. Sacituzumab govitecan, despitesurvival benefits in metastatic TNBC, showed high ICERs and poor cost-effectiveness. Pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy appears to be more cost-effective than atezolizumab for PD-L1-positive TNBC patients. Meanwhile, sacituzumab govitecan has not been demonstrated to be cost-effective.
INDIGENOUS BACILLUS SPECIES ISOLATED FROM AEDES AEGYPTI LARVAE: ISOLATION, LARVICIDAL TOXICITY SCREENING, PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION, AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION Salamun; Rizky Danang Susetyo; Hakimatul Husniyah; Almando Geraldi; Ni’matuzahroh; Fatimah; Farah Aisyah Nafidiastri; Nabilatun Nisa’; Salamy, Muhammad Fath Alhaqqi Sanis
BIOTROPIA Vol. 30 No. 2 (2023): BIOTROPIA Vol. 30 No. 2 August 2023
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2023.30.2.1938

Abstract

Vector-borne diseases transmitted by mosquitoes are considered a significant public health problem worldwide. Aedes aegypti is one of the mosquito species responsible for transmitting these diseases. One environmentally friendly method of vector control is the use of microbial agents such as Bacillus species. This study aimed to explore investigate indigenous entomopathogenic bacteria of Bacillus species isolated from A. aegypti larvae. Larvae samples were collected from breeding sites of A. aegypti. All isolates underwent screening and affirmation confirmation tests to assess their larvicidal toxicity against A. aegypti larvae. Phenotypic characterizations and molecular identifications were conducted to determine the species of the Bacillus isolates based on similarity index and percent identity (%ID). Phylogenetic trees were used to compare the isolates with other Bacillus species. The results revealed 120 isolates of Bacillus species from A. aegypti larvae samples. Among them, three isolates (LS3.3, LS9.1, and LSD4.2) exhibited the highest larvicidal toxicity in the confirmation test, resulting in larval mortality rates of 100%, 96.7%, and 100%, respectively, after 48 hours of exposure. Molecular identifications, showed that LSD4.2 had a 99.16% ID with Bacillus velezensis, LS3.3 had a 98.22% ID with Bacillus mojavensis, and LS9.1 had a 99.93% ID with Bacillus subtilis. These three bacteria from the Bacillus genus have been reported to offer significant benefits to humans.