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All Journal ILLAT-J Islamic Law and Social Issues in Society Islamic Law and Social Issues in Society
Islami, Hayatul
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Religion Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Talfiq Mazhab dalam Praktik Zakat Fitrah: Studi atas Keputusan MUI Muaro Jambi Doni, Pitrian; Islami, Hayatul; Idris; Muhammad Romli Samae, Syarif bin
Journal of Islamic Legal Thought and Jurisprudence Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): May 2025
Publisher : Program Studi Perbandingan Mazhab Universitas Islam Negeri Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30631/21.23-34

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji implikasi hukum serta penerapan praktis dari pendekatan talfiq (menggabungkan pendapat dari berbagai mazhab) dalam konteks pembayaran zakat fitrah di Indonesia. Perbedaan pendapat antar mazhab di mana mazhab Syafi’i, Maliki, dan Hambali mewajibkan pembayaran dalam bentuk makanan pokok, sementara mazhab Hanafi membolehkan uang tunai telah menimbulkan kebingungan hukum di tengah masyarakat Muslim. Sebagai respons, Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) Kabupaten Muaro Jambi mengeluarkan Surat Edaran Bersama tahun 2023 yang memperbolehkan pembayaran dalam bentuk beras maupun uang. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif-komparatif, penelitian ini melakukan studi lapangan di Masjid Jami’ Miftahur Rahman, Desa Simpang Sungai Duren. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, dan telaah dokumen resmi. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan zakat ganda ini sah secara fikih, karena didasarkan pada kombinasi pendapat mazhab yang valid serta dilaksanakan secara kolaboratif oleh MUI, Kementerian Agama, dan BAZNAS. Mayoritas masyarakat memilih bentuk uang karena alasan kemudahan dan maslahat penerima. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa talfiq diperbolehkan selama tetap dalam koridor maqashid syariah, serta mampu menjadi solusi adaptif dan inklusif bagi kebutuhan sosial-hukum umat Islam di Indonesia masa kini.
MUI’s Fatwa as Non-State Economic Regulation: Maqasid al-Shari'ah and the Political Economy of Productive-Asset Zakat in Indonesia Islami, Hayatul; Kurniawan, Cecep Soleh
Islamic Law and Social Issues in Society Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): Islamic Law and Social Issues in Society
Publisher : Tuah Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64929/ilsiis.v2i1.46

Abstract

Contemporary zakat studies have grown considerably, yet they rarely analyze fatwas as regulatory instruments that shape economic behavior in the absence of state enforcement. This article takes up that question through a socio-legal study of the 2024 fatwa of the Indonesian Ulama Council (Majelis Ulama Indonesia, MUI) on productive-asset zakat (al-mustaghallāt), issued under No. 05/Ijtima' Ulama/VIII/2024 at the MUI Fatwa Commission's Eighth National Ijtima'. Two questions guide the analysis: how does the fatwa's maqāṣid-based reasoning distinguish productive assets from their yields, and how does that distinction reshape middle-class asset management, MSME accounting, and national zakat governance? Drawing on qualitative content analysis of the fatwa text, classical fiqh sources, and interviews with drafting committee members, the article reports three findings. First, by anchoring the zakat obligation to income rather than to the underlying asset, the fatwa operationalizes ḥifẓ al-māl, al-namāʾ, maṣlaḥah, and tadāwul al-amwāl as a coherent economic rationale rather than as abstract objectives. Second, the ruling creates incentives for middle-class property owners and MSMEs to adopt sharīʿah-compliant income recording, which expands the administratively legible zakat base beyond traditionally captured wealth. Third, despite lacking statutory force, the fatwa produces fiscal effects comparable to state regulation through BAZNAS uptake and voluntary compliance among religiously motivated economic actors. These findings support a revised analytical framework in which non-state religious rulings are treated as active regulators within the political economy of Muslim-majority states, with direct implications for the design of complementary zakat policy, sharīʿah-based accounting standards for MSMEs, and comparative research on hybrid religious-state fiscal governance.
MUI’s Fatwa as Non-State Economic Regulation: Maqasid al-Shari'ah and the Political Economy of Productive-Asset Zakat in Indonesia Islami, Hayatul; Kurniawan, Cecep Soleh
Islamic Law and Social Issues in Society Vol. 2 No. 1 (2026): Islamic Law and Social Issues in Society
Publisher : Tuah Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64929/ilsiis.v2i1.46

Abstract

Contemporary zakat studies have grown considerably, yet they rarely analyze fatwas as regulatory instruments that shape economic behavior in the absence of state enforcement. This article takes up that question through a socio-legal study of the 2024 fatwa of the Indonesian Ulama Council (Majelis Ulama Indonesia, MUI) on productive-asset zakat (al-mustaghallāt), issued under No. 05/Ijtima' Ulama/VIII/2024 at the MUI Fatwa Commission's Eighth National Ijtima'. Two questions guide the analysis: how does the fatwa's maqāṣid-based reasoning distinguish productive assets from their yields, and how does that distinction reshape middle-class asset management, MSME accounting, and national zakat governance? Drawing on qualitative content analysis of the fatwa text, classical fiqh sources, and interviews with drafting committee members, the article reports three findings. First, by anchoring the zakat obligation to income rather than to the underlying asset, the fatwa operationalizes ḥifẓ al-māl, al-namāʾ, maṣlaḥah, and tadāwul al-amwāl as a coherent economic rationale rather than as abstract objectives. Second, the ruling creates incentives for middle-class property owners and MSMEs to adopt sharīʿah-compliant income recording, which expands the administratively legible zakat base beyond traditionally captured wealth. Third, despite lacking statutory force, the fatwa produces fiscal effects comparable to state regulation through BAZNAS uptake and voluntary compliance among religiously motivated economic actors. These findings support a revised analytical framework in which non-state religious rulings are treated as active regulators within the political economy of Muslim-majority states, with direct implications for the design of complementary zakat policy, sharīʿah-based accounting standards for MSMEs, and comparative research on hybrid religious-state fiscal governance.
Co-Authors Doni, Pitrian Idris Kurniawan, Cecep Soleh Muhammad Romli Samae, Syarif Bin