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Implications of Standard Clauses in Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection for Businesses and Consumers Siregar, Hisar; Situmorang, Samuel; Pasaribu, Fransisko
Golden Ratio of Data in Summary Vol. 5 No. 4 (2025): August - October
Publisher : Manunggal Halim Jaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52970/grdis.v5i4.707

Abstract

Law No.8 Standard clauses, as part of standard contracts often used in business transactions, have significant implications for both parties, namely businesses and consumers.This study aims to analyze how standard clauses in the law affect consumer protection and business liability.Through a qualitative analysis method, it is found that standard clauses often benefit businesses but can harm consumers if not properly regulated.Therefore, effective law enforcement and consumer education are needed to address this imbalance and ensure fairness in transactions.
The role of the legal division of the Medan City government in the preparation of academic manuscripts for draft regional regulations Pasaribu, Fransisko; Sihotang, Januari
Priviet Social Sciences Journal Vol. 5 No. 11 (2025): November 2025
Publisher : Privietlab

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55942/pssj.v5i11.974

Abstract

This research illuminates the role and utilization of academic drafts (naskah akademik) in shaping regional laws (Perda) at the Medan City Government. This study seeks to ascertain the contribution of scholarly articles to enhancing the quality, legitimacy, and harmonization of regional law. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach and analysis of documents at the local level, such as local government reports, legal documents, and secondary data, this study finds that academic manuscripts serve as the scientific and legal basis for each step of the policy-making process. The results show that the Medan City Government, through cooperation with the DPRD and Kemenkumham, emphasizes manuscript hearings as a way to provide philosophical, sociological, and juridical justification for each bill. However, from the study, significant implementation bottlenecks have also been found, such as weak human resource capacity, weak institutional coordination, and insufficient public participation. This means that there is often duplication and delay in legal harmonization. For the successful implementation of regional legislation, governance needs to be promoted on the basis of preventive legal harmonization, capacity building, and participatory approaches. Therefore, academic papers should not just be perfunctory qualifications, but  tools of knowledge-based governance based on evidence, legality, and the people.
Tanggung Jawab Direksi Terhadap Keputusan Investasi dan Pengelolaan Keuangan Berbasis Artificial Intelligence dalam Perseroan Terbatas di Indonesia Pasaribu, Fransisko; Nababan, Roida; Situmorang, Samuel
Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026): Jurnal Ilmu Hukum
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30652/ep66yg90

Abstract

The use of Artificial Intelligence in investment decision-making and corporate financial management constitutes part of the digital transformation in corporate governance, which requires legal certainty regarding the liability of the Board of Directors. While the use of AI has the potential to enhance efficiency and accuracy in business analysis, it simultaneously gives rise to legal risks where decisions generated by AI result in losses to the company.This study aims to analyze directors’ legal liability for corporate financial losses arising from the use of Artificial Intelligence in investment decisions and to examine the application of the Business Judgment Rule and fiduciary duty as forms of legal protection. This research employs normative legal methods using statutory and conceptual approaches, relying on primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The findings indicate that AI does not constitute a legal subject; therefore, liability remains with directors as final decision-makers. The use of AI expands the directors’ duty of care by requiring technological risk awareness and system oversight. Legal protection under the Business Judgment Rule applies when decisions are made rationally, based on adequate information, and free from conflicts of interest. Excessive reliance on AI without critical evaluation may be considered negligence. Accordingly, AI utilization in corporations necessitates stronger fiduciary duty standards and good corporate governance.