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All Journal JURNAL ILMIAH PETERNAKAN TERPADU Indonesian Journal of Education and Pedagogy
Azhari, Dinda Tri
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Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Other

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The Effect of Goat Milk Substitution with Sunflower Seed Extract (Helianthus annuus L.) on the Production of Optima Kefir on pH, Total LAB, and Total Yeast Azhari, Dinda Tri; Wulandari, Eka; Pratama, Andry
JURNAL ILMIAH PETERNAKAN TERPADU Vol. 13 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY, FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE, UNIVERSITY OF LAMPUNG

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23960/jipt.v13i3.p646-660

Abstract

Goat milk has a distinctive “goaty”, making it a limitation for fresh consumption. Processing the goat milk into kefir can extend the shelf life and minimize the smell of goat milk. Kefir is a fermented milk product after pasteurization then added kefir grain starter. This study aims to determine the effect of goat milk substitution with sunflower seed extract (Helianthus annuus. L) in the production of optima kefir on pH, total LAB, and total yeast. Conducted in November 2024 at the Livestock Product Processing Technology Laboratory and Biotechnology Research and Testing Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang. The research method was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments consisted of the ratio of goat milk and sunflower seed extract P1 (80:20), P2 (60:40), P3 (50:50), P4 (40:60), and P5 (20:80). Data processing of research results using Analysis of Variance and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the treatment consisted of goat milk and sunflower seed extract had a significant effect (P<0.05) on total LAB and total yeast, and was able to produce the best kefir in the P2 (60:40) treatment with a pH value of 3.99, total LAB 16.32  108 CFU/mL and total yeast 17.35  109 CFU/mL.
The analysis of lexical cohesion in students’ narrative writing Azhari, Dinda Tri; Susilawati, Susilawati; Winarto, Eline Rozaliya
Indonesian Journal of Education and Pedagogy Vol. 3 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : CV. Yudhistt Fateeh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61251/ijoep.v3i1.212

Abstract

Cohesion is a fundamental aspect that contributes to the coherence and clarity of a text. Among its types, lexical cohesion plays a key role in creating semantic connections through words that are related in meaning. Despite its importance, many EFL learners still lack awareness of how lexical cohesion operates in writing, particularly in narrative texts. This study aims to conduct a deeper analysis of the types and functions of lexical cohesion used by eighth-grade students in their narrative writing, highlighting how their use reflects their language proficiency. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, this research analyzed eight narrative texts written by students at a private Islamic junior high school in Cirebon. The data were examined using Halliday and Hasan’s (1976) framework, covering six categories of lexical cohesion: repetition, synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, meronymy, and collocation. The findings revealed 131 occurrences of lexical cohesion, with repetition being the most dominant (105 instances), followed by collocation (8), synonymy (6), hyponymy (6), antonymy (4), and meronymy (2). The results further indicate that students with high achievement students showed a tendency toward a more balanced use of cohesive devices, while low achievement students relied heavily on repetition. These results suggest that the variation and appropriate distribution of lexical cohesion contribute significantly to the overall quality of students’ writing. The study implies that teachers should emphasize the teaching of lexical cohesion to help students develop more coherent, cohesive, and contextually appropriate writing. Future studies are encouraged to include a larger sample and explore other text genres to gain a deeper understanding of students’ lexical cohesion use.
Co-Authors Andry Pratama, Andry Eka Wulandari Susilawati, Susilawati Winarto, Eline Rozaliya