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All Journal Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan
Armansyah, Muhammad Doni
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Sunflower Oil Using Sodalite-Based Catalyst via Taguchi Method Hamid, Abdul; Jakfar, Amin; Rahmawati, Zeni; Armansyah, Muhammad Doni; Wahyuni, Tri; Purbaningtias, Tri Esti; Febriana, Ike Dayi; Abdullah, Mohammad; Ilmah, Aurista Miftahatul; Rohmah, Faizatur
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 9 No. 2 (2025): October 2025
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33795/jtkl.v9i2.7345

Abstract

The growing demand for alternative fuels has highlighted biodiesel as sustainable substitute for fossil diesel. In this study, biodiesel was produced from sunflower seed oil using heterogeneous catalyst synthesized from natural kaolin into sodalite via hydrothermal process. The synthesized catalyst was characterized using XRD, FTIR and SEM-EDS, confirming the transformation of kaolinite to sodalite. The transesterification reaction was conducted under varying methanol-to-oil molar ratios (1:12, 1:18, and 1:24) and temperatures (60, 65, and 70°C). A Taguchi orthogonal array (L9) was employed to statistically evaluate the effects of these parameters on methyl ester yield. Experimental results showed that both methanol ratio and reaction temperature significantly influenced biodiesel yield, with the highest yield of 90.44% obtained at 70°C and 1:18 molar ratio. Signal-to-noise ratio and ANOVA analysis indicated that the methanol-to-oil ratio was the most dominant factor (46.05%) compared to temperature (40.55%). The resulting biodiesel exhibited a flash point of 158°C, acid value of 0.06 mg-KOH/g, and iodine value of 84.06 g-I₂/100g, satisfying most ASTM D6751 and SNI 7182:2015 standards, though viscosity and density exceeded standard limits. Emission testing showed 16% reduction in CO emissions with increasing biodiesel blends, while NO and NOx emissions slightly increased.
Co-Authors Abdul Hamid Abdullah, Mohammad Aurista Miftahatul Ilmah Febriana, Ike Dayi Jakfar, Amin Rahmawati, Zeni ROHMAH, FAIZATUR Tri Esti Purbaningtias tri wahyuni