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Molecular Characterization of Anisakis spp.: Potential Source of Fish-borne Zoonosis in Coastal Living Environment in Semarang, Indonesia Hitipeuw, Derico; Daud, Muhammad Muzhaffar; Nuranindita, Raisha; Diyana, Sutra; Amirudin, Fariha Akmalina; Rahayu, Aprillia Andika; Saputra, Edo Yungki; Qanita, Nabila Gusvie; Natanegara, Surya; Yuwanita, Mutiara Rizqi; Wusono, Ajeng Dwi; Martini, Martini; Muh, Fauzi
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 33 No. 2 (2026): March 2026
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.4308/hjb.33.2.345-359

Abstract

Anisakis spp. are marine nematodes known to cause anisakiasis, a zoonotic disease transmitted through fish consumption with diverse clinical manifestations. In Indonesia, a country with extensive marine biodiversity and high fish consumption, data on anisakiasis remain limited. This study aimed to characterize the Anisakis spp. from the most significant commercial fish market in Semarang, Indonesia. A total of 17 Rastrelliger sp. were sampled. PCR amplification targeting the mitochondrial COX2 gene was used to identify the species of Anisakis spp. molecularly. Phylogenetic relationships, nucleotide diversity, and neutrality indices were assessed. The haplotype structures were visualized using the Haplotype Network. Subsequently, 7 of 17 (41.17%)  Rastrelliger sp. samples were infected with A. typica. Molecular analysis revealed two species, A. typica and H. amoyense, with high haplotype diversity (1.00±0.016, diversity±SD). Phylogenetic analysis revealed two major clades: A. typica (Semarang and Southern Makassar) and H. amoyense (Semarang, China, and Bangladesh), with both species indicating high genetic connectivity. Neutrality indices suggested purifying selection and population expansion for both species (dN-dS = -5.017). These findings highlight the genetic variability and zoonotic potential of Anisakis spp. in the commercial fish market, emphasizing the need for surveillance of fish-borne parasitic infections in Indonesia.
Habitat characteristics of Anopheles spp. larvae: Potential malaria vectors in the coastal areas of Gaura Village, West Sumba: Karakteristik habitat larva Anopheles spp.: Vektor potensial malaria pantai di Desa Gaura, Sumba Barat Daud, Muhammad Muzhaffar; Tangkuyah, Justus Edyson; Saputra, Edo Yungki; Martini, Martini; Hestiningsih, Retno; Muh, Fauzi
Jurnal Entomologi Indonesia Vol 23 No 1 (2026): March
Publisher : Perhimpunan Entomologi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5994/jei.23.1.62

Abstract

Malaria remains a public health burden in tropical coastal regions, where complex environmental conditions support vector populations and increase transmission risk, particularly among vulnerable groups. Understanding the environmental characteristics of Anopheles spp. breeding habitats is essential for explaining vector distribution and informing control strategies. This study analyzed the environmental characteristics of potential Anopheles spp. breeding habitats in the coastal areas of Gaura Village. An observational descriptive survey with a cross-sectional approach was conducted using purposive spatial sampling across two survey rounds, measuring physical, chemical, and biological variables. A total of 12 breeding sites were identified, with confirmed vectors including Anopheles sundaicus (Rodenwaldt), An. subpictus Grassi, and An. barbirostris van der Wulp. Larval densities peaked in confined anthropogenic microhabitats, particularly buffalo wallows (3.5 larvae/dip) and footprints (3.1 larvae/dip). The habitats exhibited wide physicochemical variability (temperature 29.0–39.4°C; pH 7.3–9.2; salinity 0–20‰). Principal component analysis (PCA) explained 61.3% of total variation, distinguishing habitats along two gradients: PC1 (34.3%), driven by structural area, dissolved oxygen, and light intensity; and PC2 (27.0%), driven by pH and salinity. All highly productive habitats were located within 512 meters of residential areas, placing communities within the active flight range of vectors. These findings indicate that malaria transmission risk in coastal Gaura Village is driven by environmentally diverse yet spatially clustered larval habitats, particularly small, human-proximal sites associated with livestock, highlighting the need for targeted larval source management.