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All Journal Jurnal Ekonomi Kesehatan Indonesia Jurnal Ekonomi Kependudukan dan Keluarga
Afrizal, Rafa Fayza
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Humanities Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health Social Sciences

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Women’s Empowerment and Household Decision-making: The Role of Socioeconomic Status in Indonesia Fabian, Irvel Christa; Afrizal, Rafa Fayza
Jurnal Ekonomi Kependudukan dan Keluarga Vol. 2, No. 2
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Understanding how women's economic, educational, and social positions influence their roles and choices within households is crucial for promoting gender equality and sustainable development. Despite significant advancements in women's rights and gender equality globally, women in Indonesia continue to face substantial barriers in achieving true empowerment. These barriers are particularly evident in domestic settings, where traditional gender roles often persist, limiting women's influence in household decisions. This research aims to investigate the relationship between women's socioeconomic status and their empowerment in domestic decision-making, examining how various factors such as income, education, and employment status contribute to or hinder their ability to influence family and household matters. This study performed a probit regression analysis using pooled cross-sectional data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) wave 5 (2007 and 2014) to examine the impact of women’s socioeconomic factors on the likelihood of women being empowered in domestic decision-making. Decision-making criteria included in this study concern decisions regarding spending for food consumption, daily needs and sanitation, tertiary household equipment, cash transfers to parents/relatives, and household saving. The results indicate that being employed and having higher levels of education significantly increase the probability of women having a say in household decisions. Conversely, lower socioeconomic status is strongly associated with reduced decision-making power for women. This study concludes with policy recommendations aimed at enhancing women's socioeconomic status and promoting gender-equitable decision-making within households.
UNPAID PARENTAL CAREGIVING AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS IN INDONESIA Willy, Christopher; Afrizal, Rafa Fayza; Fabian, Irvel Christa; Samith, Muhammad Farras
Jurnal Ekonomi Kependudukan dan Keluarga Vol. 2, No. 2
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This study examines the impact of unpaid parental caregiving on employment status and formal sector employment opportunities in Indonesia, using panel data from the 2007 and 2014 waves of the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS). Propensity Score Matching (PSM) was applied to mitigate selection bias and estimate the Average Treatment effect on the Treated (ATT) for three caregiver categories: temporary, recent, and continuous. Results indicate that, after controlling for baseline characteristics, none of the caregiver categories significantly affected the probability of being employed or employed in the formal sector in 2014. The findings suggest that caregiving practices in Indonesia generally do not lead to labor market withdrawal but instead prompt adjustments in working hours or shifts to informal employment. Policy implications include the need for affordable and flexible care support services and strengthened protection for informal workers.
Status Perceraian dan Kebahagiaan pada Wanita di Indonesia Afrizal, Rafa Fayza; Harmen, Salsabila Yori; Andini, Friska Aulia Dewi
Jurnal Ekonomi Kependudukan dan Keluarga Vol. 2, No. 1
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Women’s happiness can be influenced by various factors, including marital status. This study analyzes the relationship between marital status and women's happiness in Indonesia using pooled crossectional data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) wave 4 & 5 in 2007 and 2014. The probit regression method is applied to estimate the impact of marital status on the probability of happiness. Results show that widowed and/or divorced women have significantly lower probabilities of happiness than married women (p-value < 0.01). In addition, the probability of being happy for women who are divorced is higher than those who are widowed (p-value < 0.1). This study also emphasizes that education has an important role in improving women's happiness. The implications of this study suggest the importance of policy interventions to improve access to education for women, particularly for those who are socially and economically vulnerable.
Determinants of Catastrophic Health Expenditure of Households in Indonesia Afrizal, Rafa Fayza; Hasya, Novira; Harda, Faticha Putri; Alfathin, Wildan Avif; Latifah, Vanissa Nur; Nainggolan, Maxent Rael; Jaelani, Fadillah Rahmah; Sihaloho, Estro Dariatno
Jurnal Ekonomi Kesehatan Indonesia Vol. 10, No. 1
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The need for healthcare services due to illness is unpredictable, thus burdening patients economically and posing a risk of catastrophic events. The percentage of households with catastrophic health expenditures is defined as out-of-pocket payments exceeding 10% of the household’s capacity to pay for healthcare. Increasing catastrophic expenditure costs can further deteriorate the household’s financial condition. This study analyzes the determinants of catastrophic health expenditures in Indonesian households. A total of 12,892 household samples from the cross-sectional Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) wave 5 (2014) were used in this study. Using a logistic regression model, this study aims to identify various socioeconomic factors and household members’ health histories that may influence the probability of a household experiencing catastrophic health expenditures. The study results show that socioeconomic factors, including household expenditures (p<0.01), the number of working household members (p<0.01), the number of insured household members (p<0.01), residential area (p<0.1), and the education level of the household head (p<0.01), have a significant influence on catastrophic expenditures. Catastrophic health expenditures are also significantly affected by the health history of household members, including chronic diseases (p<0.01), hospitalization history (p<0.01), and outpatient care (p<0.01). To reduce financial risks, policymakers can design a fair healthcare financing mechanism that addresses socioeconomic vulnerabilities and health risks. Expanding insurance coverage and strengthening financial protection for at-risk households can help alleviate the burden of catastrophic health expenditures.
Co-Authors Alfathin, Wildan Avif Andini, Friska Aulia Dewi Fabian, Irvel Christa Harda, Faticha Putri Harmen, Salsabila Yori Hasya, Novira Jaelani, Fadillah Rahmah Latifah, Vanissa Nur Nainggolan, Maxent Rael Samith, Muhammad Farras Sihaloho, Estro Dariatno Willy, Christopher