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All Journal Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Jurna Beta Kimia
Ardian, Adna Ivan
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Kinetics of Ammonia Biodegradation Using EM4 with Palm Sugar as an External Carbon Source Puteri, Denanda Clarasati; Arvianto, Rizky Ibnufaatih; Suhirman, Suhirman; Ardian, Adna Ivan; Putra, Muhamad Iqbal; Luthfi, Muhammad Zulfikar; Wiratama, Ihsan; Jerry, Jerry; Nury, Dennis Farina
Jurnal Beta Kimia Vol 6 No 1 (2026): Volume 6 Issue 1, May 2026
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Cendana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35508/jbk.v6i1.27517

Abstract

Biological treatment of ammonia requires sufficient carbon availability to maintain stable microbial activity and sustain optimal degradation rates. This study evaluates the kinetics of ammonia biodegradation using an EM4 microbial consortium supplemented with palm sugar as an external carbon source in aerobic batch reactors. Initial ammonia concentrations of 10, 30, and 50 ppm were evaluated over six days of operation. Monitored parameters included ammonia concentration, pH, and biomass (MLSS), while kinetic evaluation applied a pseudo–first‑order model via the ln(St/S0)–time relationship. The results showed removal efficiencies of 79.0–83.4%, accompanied by MLSS increases from ~2,000 to ~4,600 mg/L with higher initial concentrations. The pH range of 5.8–8.5 remained conducive to microbial activity. The ln(St/S0) curves exhibited strong linearity, confirming the suitability of the pseudo–first‑order model, and the reaction rate constants increased under higher substrate and biomass conditions. These findings indicate that palm sugar is effective as an external carbon source for sustaining process stability and accelerating ammonia removal. The integration of EM4 with a natural carbon source demonstrates potential as an efficient, economical, and readily implementable biological approach for ammonia treatment in wastewater.
Isolation of Flavonoids from Walang Sangit Leaves (Eryngium Foetidum) Using Methanol and Acetone Maceration with UV–Visible Spectrophotometric Analysis Suhirman, Suhirman; Ardian, Adna Ivan; Sawali, Fikrah Dian Indrawati; Afandy, Moh Azhar
Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia Vol 11, No 1 (2026): EDISI MARET 2026
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33366/rekabuana.v11i1.8072

Abstract

Flavonoids are natural phytonutrient compounds in plants that exhibit antioxidant properties and play a role in scavenging free radicals. Walang sangit leaves have potential as a source of flavonoids, with samples consisting of young and mature leaves obtained from Pagebangan, Ciwandan District, Cilegon City. The sample preparation stage was carried out through extraction using the maceration method. The experimental procedure involved 10 g of dried walang sangit leaves ground to 60 mesh, which were macerated using 99.95 percent methanol and 80 percent acetone solutions. The volume of methanol and acetone used was 250 mL, with maceration times of 60 and 120 minutes in an Erlenmeyer flask. At 120 minutes, the methanolic extract yielded 2.81 mg QE/g (young leaves) and 4.12 mg QE/g (mature leaves), whereas the acetone extract only reached 1.03 mg QE/g and 2.88 mg QE/g, respectively. A similar pattern was also observed at 60 minutes, with methanol producing values of 1.39 – 2.32 mg QE/g, which were higher than those obtained with acetone (0.35 –0.78 mg QE/g). The highest extraction rate constant was obtained for acetone–mature leaves (0.0124 / min) and for methanol young leaves (0.0058 / min).
ANALYSIS OF AMMONIA ASSIMILATION KINETICS AND DETERMINATION OF SUBSTRATE INHIBITION CONDITIONS IN VARIATIONS OF MOLASSES DOSE IN A BATCH REACTOR SYSTEM Putra, Muhammad Iqbal; Arvianto, Rizky Ibnufaatih; Suhirman, Suhirman; Ardian, Adna Ivan; Puteri, Denanda Clarasati; Nury, Dennis Farina; Luthfi, Muhammad Zulfikar; Lestari, Maghfira Arum
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 10, No 1 (2026): Volume 10, No 1 July 2026 (First Online)
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v10i1.115734

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to find the inhibitory phenomena caused by an excessive organic load and to estimate the ideal molasses dosage for ammonia assimilation by Saccharomyces spt. The experiment was carried out utilizing a batch reactor system with different molasses doses of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mL at a constant starting ammonia content of 50 mg/L. Ammonia assimilation followed a pseudo-first-order model with a significant coefficient of determination R2 > 0.90 in the active dose range, according to the kinetic studies. The results confirmed that a dose of 10 mL was the optimum condition, producing the highest reaction rate constant (k) of 0.5107 day-1 and an ammonia reduction efficiency of 93.58%. On the other hand, raising dosage 20 mL caused a substrate inhibition phenomenon, which was marked by a drop in the k value to 0.2268 day-1 and a low ammonia reduction efficiency of 58.42% because of the initial acidification. The ammonia removal rate and biomass concentration (MLSS) had a very strong positive linear connection (r=0.98) according to Pearson correlation analysis, indicating that nitrogen assimilation with biomass growth-rather than physical volatilization-is the primary mechanism of removal. In order to optimize ammonia absorption performance without causing environmental toxicity, this study suggests a dose of 10 mL.
Analysis Of Recent Research In Solketal Synthesis Toward Circular Economy : A Review Ardian, Adna Ivan; Trisnantari, Tamaratritania Citta; Nury, Dennis Farina; Arvianto, Rizky Ibnufaatih; Suhirman, Suhirman
Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol 10, No 1 (2026): Volume 10, No 1 July 2026 (First Online)
Publisher : Program studi Teknik Kimia UNS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/equilibrium.v10i1.113030

Abstract

Indonesia’s growing biodiesel production has caused a large surplus of crude glycerol, which becomes both an economic and environmental problem. The study present a systematic chemical engineering perspective on how glycerol can be transformed into solketal, a compound that can act as a biofuel additive and green solvent. The discussion is based on a systematic reading method of twelve research papers published between 2018 and 2024, specifically discuss the development of catalysts related to this process. The contrasting performance between catalyst efficiency and its industrial implementation become a concern. It shows Zeolites and MOF catalyst exceed other types of catalysts by using process intensification in laboratory. But in contrast, their stability lower when associated with impurities found in feedstock, followed by heat-related problems. On the other side, simple and cheaper catalysts such as acid-treated clays still show steady activity even in less clean feedstocks, making them more realistic for larger scale operation. The review also points out that improving catalyst lifetime and using new process approaches like microwave heating are important to make the process more economical. Overall, this study suggests that creating catalysts which can resist impurities together with better process design is necessary to make glycerol utilization more sustainable and in line with Indonesia’s circular economy plan.
Co-Authors Arvianto, Rizky Ibnufaatih Dennis Farina Nury Fikrah Dian Indrawati Sawali Jerry, Jerry Lestari, Maghfira Arum Moh. Azhar Afandy Muhammad Zulfikar Luthfi Puteri, Denanda Clarasati Putra, Muhamad Iqbal Putra, Muhammad Iqbal SUHIRMAN SUHIRMAN Trisnantari, Tamaratritania Citta Wiratama, Ihsan