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All Journal Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia Jurna Beta Kimia
Ardian, Adna Ivan
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Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Education Engineering Environmental Science Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering

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Kinetics of Ammonia Biodegradation Using EM4 with Palm Sugar as an External Carbon Source Puteri, Denanda Clarasati; Arvianto, Rizky Ibnufaatih; Suhirman, Suhirman; Ardian, Adna Ivan; Putra, Muhamad Iqbal; Luthfi, Muhammad Zulfikar; Wiratama, Ihsan; Jerry, Jerry; Nury, Dennis Farina
Jurnal Beta Kimia Vol 6 No 1 (2026): Volume 6 Issue 1, May 2026
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Cendana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35508/jbk.v6i1.27517

Abstract

Biological treatment of ammonia requires sufficient carbon availability to maintain stable microbial activity and sustain optimal degradation rates. This study evaluates the kinetics of ammonia biodegradation using an EM4 microbial consortium supplemented with palm sugar as an external carbon source in aerobic batch reactors. Initial ammonia concentrations of 10, 30, and 50 ppm were evaluated over six days of operation. Monitored parameters included ammonia concentration, pH, and biomass (MLSS), while kinetic evaluation applied a pseudo–first‑order model via the ln(St/S0)–time relationship. The results showed removal efficiencies of 79.0–83.4%, accompanied by MLSS increases from ~2,000 to ~4,600 mg/L with higher initial concentrations. The pH range of 5.8–8.5 remained conducive to microbial activity. The ln(St/S0) curves exhibited strong linearity, confirming the suitability of the pseudo–first‑order model, and the reaction rate constants increased under higher substrate and biomass conditions. These findings indicate that palm sugar is effective as an external carbon source for sustaining process stability and accelerating ammonia removal. The integration of EM4 with a natural carbon source demonstrates potential as an efficient, economical, and readily implementable biological approach for ammonia treatment in wastewater.
Isolation of Flavonoids from Walang Sangit Leaves (Eryngium Foetidum) Using Methanol and Acetone Maceration with UV–Visible Spectrophotometric Analysis Suhirman, Suhirman; Ardian, Adna Ivan; Sawali, Fikrah Dian Indrawati; Afandy, Moh Azhar
Reka Buana : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil dan Teknik Kimia Vol 11, No 1 (2026): EDISI MARET 2026
Publisher : Universitas Tribhuwana Tunggadewi Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33366/rekabuana.v11i1.8072

Abstract

Flavonoids are natural phytonutrient compounds in plants that exhibit antioxidant properties and play a role in scavenging free radicals. Walang sangit leaves have potential as a source of flavonoids, with samples consisting of young and mature leaves obtained from Pagebangan, Ciwandan District, Cilegon City. The sample preparation stage was carried out through extraction using the maceration method. The experimental procedure involved 10 g of dried walang sangit leaves ground to 60 mesh, which were macerated using 99.95 percent methanol and 80 percent acetone solutions. The volume of methanol and acetone used was 250 mL, with maceration times of 60 and 120 minutes in an Erlenmeyer flask. At 120 minutes, the methanolic extract yielded 2.81 mg QE/g (young leaves) and 4.12 mg QE/g (mature leaves), whereas the acetone extract only reached 1.03 mg QE/g and 2.88 mg QE/g, respectively. A similar pattern was also observed at 60 minutes, with methanol producing values of 1.39 – 2.32 mg QE/g, which were higher than those obtained with acetone (0.35 –0.78 mg QE/g). The highest extraction rate constant was obtained for acetone–mature leaves (0.0124 / min) and for methanol young leaves (0.0058 / min).
Co-Authors Arvianto, Rizky Ibnufaatih Dennis Farina Nury Fikrah Dian Indrawati Sawali Jerry, Jerry Moh. Azhar Afandy Muhammad Zulfikar Luthfi Puteri, Denanda Clarasati Putra, Muhamad Iqbal SUHIRMAN SUHIRMAN Wiratama, Ihsan