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The Processing of Glycerol with Acetone to Produce Solketal Using Amberlite IR 120 Na Catalyst: Comparison of solketal Production Using Gas Chromatography Fikrah D. I. Sawali; Hary Sulistyo; Wahyudi B. Sediawan; Moh. A. Afandy
Jurnal Akademika Kimia Vol. 11 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Solketal is a chemical that can be made by combining glycerol with acetone. This compound can be used as a fuel oil additive to improve the cold flow properties of liquid transportation fuels, reduce specific emissions, aid in the reduction of gum formation (oil sap), increase oxidation stability, and increase the octane number by up to 2.5 points to accelerate the initiation process in motor fuel combustion. The addition of solketal, a bio-additive material in biodiesel, is expected to reduce emissions from diesel engines. Solketal can reduce glycerol waste created from biodiesel synthesis in addition to reducing resultant emissions because glycerol waste can be used as the primary raw material in the process manufacture of the solketal. The purpose of this research is to find out The catalytic process of glycerol and acetone using Amberlite IR 120 Na catalyst was traced using gas chromatography analysis. Solketal formation analysis using gas chromatography was used in this study. According to the results of gas chromatography analysis, the solketal produced without going through the distillation process has a purity of 23.54%, while the solketal produced after going through the distillation process has a purity of 38.94% when compared to the synthetic solketal produced by Sigma Aldrich, which has a purity of 95.67%. To manufacture solketal with a higher level of purity, the batch method was improved by adding a distillation process step to remove the water content and acetone that was still present in the sample.

Pengaruh Variasi Waktu dan Kecepatan Pengadukan Terhadap Difusivitas dan Konstanta Reaksi Dengan Proses Ekstraksi Reaktif Clarisa Hany Az Zahra; Mega Mustikaningrum; Fikrah Dian Indrawati Sawali; Pra Cipta Buana Wahyu Mustika
REACTOR: Journal of Research on Chemistry and Engineering Vol 4, No 2 (2023): Published in December 2023
Publisher : Politeknik ATI Padang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52759/reactor.v4i2.106

The world is experiencing a crisis of scarcity of diesel fuel sources. The B30 program is to develop energy sources by utilizing alternative energy sources to prevent petroleum shortages. This program also supports research, namely making biodiesel using non-edible raw materials. Apart from that, another benefit of this research is to determine the effect of time on the yield of biodiesel production, knowing the effect of stirring speed on the diffusivity constant and reaction speed constant of the reactive extraction process. Biodiesel production in this research uses a reactive extraction process. The raw materials used are mahogany seeds, the solvent is methanol, chloroform as a co-solvent, and KOH as a catalyst. This process uses a temperature of 65°C, reaction time of 40 and 80 minutes, and varying stirring speeds of 200 and 300 rpm. The effect of time with a variable stirring speed of 200 rpm the longer the resulting yield increases, while at a stirring speed of 300 rpm the resulting yield decreases. The yield obtained at 200 rpm stirring was 82.363% (40 minutes), 87.6366% (80 minutes), 84.7605% (40 minutes), and 78.7204 (80 minutes). For the methyl ester diffusion constant, the stirring speed of 200 rpm is 8,20 x 10-8 dm2/minute, while the stirring speed of 300 rpm is 8,17 x 10-8 dm2/minute. The reaction rate constant is 1.99 dm3/mol min.

The Processing of Glycerol with Acetone to Produce Solketal Using Amberlite IR 120 Na Catalyst: Comparison of solketal Production Using Gas Chromatography Fikrah D. I. Sawali; Hary Sulistyo; Wahyudi B. Sediawan; Moh. A. Afandy
Jurnal Akademika Kimia Vol. 11 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Tadulako

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Solketal is a chemical that can be made by combining glycerol with acetone. This compound can be used as a fuel oil additive to improve the cold flow properties of liquid transportation fuels, reduce specific emissions, aid in the reduction of gum formation (oil sap), increase oxidation stability, and increase the octane number by up to 2.5 points to accelerate the initiation process in motor fuel combustion. The addition of solketal, a bio-additive material in biodiesel, is expected to reduce emissions from diesel engines. Solketal can reduce glycerol waste created from biodiesel synthesis in addition to reducing resultant emissions because glycerol waste can be used as the primary raw material in the process manufacture of the solketal. The purpose of this research is to find out The catalytic process of glycerol and acetone using Amberlite IR 120 Na catalyst was traced using gas chromatography analysis. Solketal formation analysis using gas chromatography was used in this study. According to the results of gas chromatography analysis, the solketal produced without going through the distillation process has a purity of 23.54%, while the solketal produced after going through the distillation process has a purity of 38.94% when compared to the synthetic solketal produced by Sigma Aldrich, which has a purity of 95.67%. To manufacture solketal with a higher level of purity, the batch method was improved by adding a distillation process step to remove the water content and acetone that was still present in the sample.

STUDI ISOTHERM ADSORPSI CU(II) DALAM LARUTAN MENGGUNAKAN ZEOLIT TERAKTIVASI Afandy, Moh. Azhar; Sawali, Fikrah Dian Indrawari
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA MINERAL Vol 3 No 1 (2024): JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA MINERAL
Publisher : Politeknik ATI Makassaar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61844/jtkm.v3i1.755

Proses penghilangan logam berat khususnya Cu(II) menjadi salah satu solusi dari permasalahan pencemaran lingkungan yang terjadi akibat dari kegiatan industri. Adsorpsi menjadi salah satu metode yang efisien dan efektif dalam mengatasi permasalahan tersebut karena mudah untuk dioperasikan dan tidak memerlukan biaya yang tinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan zeolit alam sebagai adsorben dengan proses aktivasi secara fisika dengan suhu 105 oC selama 4 Jam untuk tahap pengeringan dan tahap kalsinasi menggunakan tanur dengan suhu 550 oC selama 2 Jam. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mempelajari mekanisme adsorpsi yang terjadi antara molekul Cu(II) dengan adsorben zeolit berdasarkan parameter dari beberapa model isotherm antara lain: Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Jovanovic, dan Harkin-Jura. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa model isotherm Langmuir cocok untuk mendeskripsikan proses adsorpsi yang terjadi dengan nilai koefisien korelasi (R2) = 0,9542, qmax= 1,0375 mg.g-1, KL = 0,5463 L.mg-1, dan RL = 0,3210-0,9959. Berdasarkan model isotherm Langmuir, dapat disimpulkan bahwa proses adsorpsi Cu(II) oleh zeolit terjadi secara monolayer pada permukaan adsorben yang homogen.

Effectiveness of the Combination of Alum (Al₂(SO₄)₃) and Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) Coagulants in the Removal of Manganese (Mn) Using the Coagulation-Flocculation Process Samuel Putra Mandiri Simanullang; Moh. Azhar Afandy; Fikrah Dian Indrawati Sawali
Stannum : Jurnal Sains dan Terapan Kimia Vol 6 No 2 (2024): October 2024
Publisher : Department of Chemistry - Universitas Bangka Belitung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33019/jstk.v6i2.4301

A technique for reducing the contamination of heavy metals in wastewater is the coagulationflocculation method. The approach has various advantages, including a simple process, readilyavailable chemicals, inexpensive equipment costs, and an excellent capacity to remove pollutants. The goal of this research is to see how well Mn-containing wastewater can be reduced using alum and calcium hydroxide as coagulants. The adsorption capacity of the coagulant combination in the floc generation phase of the coagulation-flocculation process can also be calculated. The technique used is coagulation-flocculation, with modifications made to the coagulant content and stirring duration. The data was then evaluated using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) to assess the decrease Mn concentration in wastewater. According to the experiments, the combination of alum and calcium hydroxide coagulants with a mass composition ratio of alum:calcium hydroxide (150 mg:50 mg) and a stirring time of 15 minutes has the highest efficiency of 89.35% and is directly proportional to the adsorption capacity value of 446.75mg/gram.

EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION ON KINETICS AND THERMODYNAMICS PARAMETER IN THE Cu (II) REMOVAL BY ACTIVATED ZEOLITE Moh. Azhar Afandy; Fikrah Dian Indrawati Sawali
JURNAL INTEGRASI PROSES Vol 13, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : JURNAL INTEGRASI PROSES

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.62870/jip.v13i2.25316

Adsorption is a commonly used technique for removing heavy metals, particularly Cu (II), due to its efficiency, cost-effectiveness, simple operation, high stability, and excellent selectivity. This study aims to investigate the impact of varying Cu (II) concentrations on the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters during the adsorption process. The adsorption of Cu (II) by activated zeolite was conducted in several batches, using various initial concentrations (20-120 mg/L) and for varied operating time (30-180 minutes). Various kinetic models have been used to evaluate kinetic rate parameters and maximum adsorption capacity, calculated using linear regression equations. Thermodynamic studies were conducted at different temperatures (303-318 K). The study's results indicate that the concentration has a comparable impact on Cu (II) adsorption by activated zeolite, suggesting a pseudo-second-order equation. As the concentration of Cu (II) increases, so do the adsorption capacity (qe) and adsorption rate. At a Cu (II) concentration of 120 mg/L, the adsorption capacity and rate were the maximum, with qe= 5.6054 mg/g, k2 = 64.2279 g.mg-1.min-1, and Coefficient Correlation value (R2) = 0.9998. The ΔG° value suggests that the adsorption process happens spontaneously and through physical adsorption. On the other hand, the ΔH° value reveals that it happens endothermic.

Extraction of Natural Colorant from Clitoria ternatea Flowers Using Conventional Solvent Extraction (CSE) and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) Techniques: Kinetic Modeling and Compound Stability Pra Cipta Buana Wahyu Mustika; Hadiyatni Rita Priyantini; Eryan Dwi Krisna; Firman Aldani; Fikrah Dian Indrawati Sawali; Moh Azhar Afandy; Mega Mustikaningrum
Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi Vol 27, No 11 (2024): Volume 27 Issue 11 Year 2024
Publisher : Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jksa.27.11.549-559

The Clitoria ternatea flowers, a prevalent local commodity in Indonesia, are extensively found, particularly in the East Java region. One approach to enhance the utility and economic significance of these flowers involves isolating their active component, specifically anthocyanin. Anthocyanins have several health benefits, especially in preventing cardiovascular disease, improving vision, and being anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer. The isolation methods used in this research were conventional solvent extraction (CSE) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UEA) methods. The use of UAE has been experimentally proven to accelerate the extraction rate of bioactive compounds. This dal is caused by a driving force in the form of energy produced from bubble cavitation resulting from ultrasonic energy. The specific aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the two methods in anthocyanin isolation. The extraction stages were carried out at 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70°C operating temperatures, with an S/L ratio of 1:10, 1:15, 1:20:1:25, and 1:30 with samples conditioned in dry and wet conditions. The optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction (UEA) involve dry samples with a S/L ratio of 1:30 at a temperature of 70°C with the resulting final concentration of 16.5234 g/L. This configuration ensures an efficient extraction process, completed in less than 30 minutes, thereby preventing the degradation of anthocyanins. Analysis indicates that the extraction process adheres to a second-order kinetic model with a constant (k) of 0.1039. Stability testing revealed that the first–order kinetic model accurately represents the impact of temperature on anthocyanin degradation.

PENGARUH TEKANAN TRANSMEMBRAN PADA NILAI PERMEANCE DALAM PROSES PEMISAHAN SENYAWA PROANTHOCYANIDIN MENGGUNAKAN METODE DEAD-END MEMBRAN ULTRAFILTRASI Afandy, Moh. Azhar; Sawali, Fikrah Dian Indrawati; Siswanto, Yudi
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA MINERAL Vol 1 No 2 (2022): JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA MINERAL
Publisher : Politeknik ATI Makassaar

Salah satu jenis teknik pemisahan dengan menggunakan membran yakni teknologi yang menggunakan perbedaan tekanan sebagai gaya pendorong yang memiliki beberapa keunggulan antara lain efisiensi yang tinggi, pemisahan yang lebih selektif, mudah untuk di scale up, hemat energi, serta suhu dan tekanan operasi yang lebih aman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni mengetahui pengaruh tekanan transmembran terhadap nilai permeance dari proses ultrafiltrasi senyawa proanthocyanidin dengan metode filtrasi dead-end. Jenis membran yang digunakan yakni membran Polyethersulfone (PES) dengan ukuran MWCO yang berbeda yakni 50 kDa dan 30 kDa. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tekanan transmembran akan mempengaruhi nilai permeance dimana ketika tekanan transmembran dinaikkan maka akan mengakibatkan turunnya nilai permeance dikarenakan tingginya nilai pressure drop, begitupun sebaliknya ketika tekanan transmembran diturunkan maka akan menaikkan nilai permeance karena nilai pressure drop yang cenderung lebih kecil.

ANALISIS PARAMETER NILAI DIFUSIVITAS KAFEIN PADA EKSTRAKSI AMPAS KOPI BERBANTU GELOMBANG ULTRASONIK Mustikaningrum, Mega; Sawali, Fikrah Dian Indrawati
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA MINERAL Vol 2 No 1 (2023): JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA MINERAL
Publisher : Politeknik ATI Makassaar

Limbah ampas kopi yang sangat melimpah diakibatkan konsumsi minuman kopi yang meningkat dan menjadi gagasan penting bagaimana pengolahan limbah ampas kopi agar kemudian tidak menjadi limbah buangan yang tidak bermanfaat. Salah satu senyawa yang dapat dimanfaatkan kembali dari buangan limbah ampas kopi adalah kafein. Kafein merupakan senyawa yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. Kafein dapat di isolasi dari limbah ampas kopi dengan cara ekstraksi. Pada penelitian ini ekstraksi dilakukan dengan menggunakan bantuan gelombang ultrasonik dengan bantuan alat sonikator tipe bath. Sebesar 25 gram sampel ampas kopi dilarutkan pada 250 ml dan diletakan pada alat sonikator yang dioperasikan selama 45 menit pada 30 0C. Sampel hasil kemudian dianalisis menggunakan HPLC untuk mengetahui konsentrasi akhir kafein yang dihasilkan. Fokus penelitian ini adalah mencari nilai beberapa parameter uji seperti konstanta difusivitas (DA), konstanta kecepatan ekstraksi (k) dan konstanta kesetimbangan ekstraksi (K), dimana didapatkan masing-masing nilai parameter uji sebesar 0.014462 dm2/menit; 0,00256 dm/menit dan 103,218. Konsentrasi akhir kafein yang dihasilkan pada penelitian sebesar 0,08053 mol/dm3.

Pelatihan Peningkatan Kompetensi Bidang Pengolahan Mineral Pada Karyawan Di Kawasan PT. Indonesia Morowali Industrial Park Afandy, Moh. Azhar; Sawali, Fikrah Dian Indrawati; Septiawan, Muhammad Ridwan; Rahman, Arif
Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat AKA Vol 4, No 1 (2024): Juni 2024
Publisher : Politeknik AKA Bogor

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55075/jpm-aka.v4i1.234

Banyaknya peluang kerja di Kawasan Industri Morowali tidak diimbangi dengan kualifikasi tenaga kerja yang dibutuhkan. Kebutuhan akan tenaga kerja yang melonjak mengakibatkan tenaga kerja yang direkrut tidak sesuai dengan bidang yang digeluti. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, Program Studi Teknik Kimia Mineral Politeknik Industri Logam Morowali berinisiatif melaksanakan Program Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat berupa kegiatan pelatihan yang diperuntukkan kepada karyawan di ruang lingkup PT. Indonesia Morowali Industrial Park (IMIP). Kegiatan ini berupa pelatihan peningkatan kompetensi di bidang pengolahan mineral dimana bentuk kegiatan yang dilaksanakan yakni knowledge sharing serta penyampaian materi yang diharapkan dapat memberikan keterampilan dan keahlian dasar terkait pengolahan mineral kepada karyawan di ruang lingkup Kawasan PT IMIP. Berdasarkan hasil analisa evaluasi pelaksanaan pelatihan peningkatan kompetensi bidang pengolahan mineral secara keseluruhan, maka dapat disimpulkan agar kegiatan ini tetap dapat dilaksanakan pada batch selanjutnya dengan kelompok peserta yang berbeda dan lanjutan seri materi pelatihan yang sesuai kebutuhan peserta. Hal ini sesuai dengan testimoni peserta pelatihan yang pada umumnya menjawab bahwa pelatihan selanjutnya tetap diadakan dengan menyusun materi yang benar-benar sesuai kebutuhan praktis pekerjaan di industri.

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