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All Journal Indonesian Journal of International Law Journal of Law and Legal Reform
Nasution, Akmal Handi Ansari
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Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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Indonesian Compliance with Tripartite Agreement in Controlling Marine Environmental Pollution in The Malacca Strait Tarigan, Vita Cita Emia; Nasution, Akmal Handi Ansari; Ekaputra, Mohammad; Saputri, Rizki Nanda
Indonesian Journal of International Law
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Indonesia bears interest in the Malacca strait as one of its stakeholders in its effort on maritime navigational safety and environment in navigational safety and environment. Its efforts are fundamental in controlling, preventing, and recovering pollution from vessels. Referring to the United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 1982, Indonesian contribution to controlling marine life pollution is vital. Therefore, Indonesia signed a tripartite agreement with Malaysia and Singapore (Agreement on Safety of Navigation in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore 1977). The Tripartite Agreement needs to be used as a reference in making regulations in Indonesia and implemented as a proof of Indonesia's compliance with the Tripartite Agreement. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to understand Indonesia's conformity to the mentioned agreement in controlling marine environment pollution in the Strait of Malacca. It utilizes literature and case studies such as books, notes, and previous research. The theory that we use is the compliance theory and combined theory for elaborating the obedience of Indonesia to the agreement itself. It can be concluded that Indonesia has complied with the Tripartite Agreement by putting together various laws and regulations and other regulations and forming a structure to protect the sea. However, in practice, it still requires some improvement.
Unwise Criminal Environmental Law Policies In Protecting Aceh’s Customary Forests From Destruction Natsir, Muhammad; Ferdi, Ferdi; Din, Muh.; Nasution, Akmal Handi Ansari; Ulya, Zaki
Journal of Law and Legal Reform Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): January, 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jllr.v7i1.22464

Abstract

This study critically examines the ineffectiveness of environmental criminal law policies in protecting Aceh’s customary forests from ongoing destruction. Although Indonesia has established a comprehensive legal framework for environmental protection, deforestation within customary forest areas in Aceh persists, indicating weaknesses in policy implementation and enforcement. This research aims to analyze the structural and normative factors that render environmental criminal law policies ineffective, particularly the lack of integration between state law and Aceh’s customary law. Employing a qualitative socio-legal approach, this study draws on statutory analysis, literature review, in-depth interviews, and field observations within customary forest areas in Aceh. The findings reveal that weak intergovernmental coordination, limited recognition of indigenous forest rights, inadequate law enforcement capacity, and minimal utilization of monitoring technology contribute significantly to forest degradation. Furthermore, the disconnect between formal environmental criminal law and customary forest governance undermines community participation and legal effectiveness. This study argues that current policies remain “unwise” because they prioritize punitive approaches without incorporating customary law values and restorative ecological justice. As a policy solution, the study proposes an integrative framework that harmonizes environmental criminal law with Aceh’s customary law, supported by restorative sanctions and technology-based forest monitoring systems. Strengthening indigenous participation and aligning national regulations with local legal traditions are essential to enhancing legal effectiveness and sustainable forest governance. This research contributes to environmental legal scholarship by offering a contextualized model of pluralistic environmental criminal law reform in Indonesia.
Co-Authors Din, Muh. Ekaputra, Mohammad Ferdi Ferdi, Ferdi Muhammad Natsir Saputri, Rizki Nanda Tarigan, Vita Cita Emia Zaki Ulya, Zaki