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PEDOMAN DAN KONSEP PEMIKIRAN EKONOMI ISLAM TENTANG KEPEMILIKAN STUDI PEMAHAMAN SALAF AL UMMAH TENTANG KEPEMILIKAN DALAM ISLAM Hikam Muhtadi Zuhdi; Wartoyo; Aan Jailani
El-Iqthisadi Vol 7 No 2 (2025): Desember
Publisher : Jurusan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum Uin Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/el-iqthisady.v7i2.62731

Abstract

Abstrak Kepemilikan merupakan salah satu isu yang fundamental dalam pemikiran Islam. Hal ini terjadi karena berkaitan dengan tidak hanya hubungan manusia dengan manusia lainnya, harta, sosial dan lingkungan, lebih dari itu, semua yang terkait dengan manusia pasti terhubung dengan Al Khaliq, Sang Pencipta, Allah SWT. Kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji konsep kepemilikan dalam Islam melalui tinjauan normatif-teologis salaf dengan perbandingan analisis realitas kontemporer. Harapannya, kajian ini dapat menjadi pedoman dan dasar-dasar fikih terkait kepemilikan dan manfaatnya bagi manusia, dulu, kini, besok dan selamanya. Untuk memudahkannya, kajian ini dilakukan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode kajian pustaka. Analisis dilakukan secara normatif-filosofis terhadap literatur fikih klasik dan kontemporer, termasuk pendapat para ulama salaf dan kontemporer serta hasil dari diskusi-diskusi mereka, kaidah fikih, dan fatwa-fatwa para ahli ilmu. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa Islam memandang kepemilikan sebagai amanah, bukan hak yang mutlak, absolut. Semuanya tergambar jelas dan diwujudkan melalui pengakuan atas kepemilikan individu, kolektif, dan negara, dengan orientasi pada keadilan sosial, keseimbangan dan distribusi kemaslahatan. Dalam konteks modern, konsep tersebut menjadi relevan untuk menjawab problematika ketimpangan ekonomi, privatisasi sumber daya alam, dan krisis keadilan global. Sehingga, apabila pedoman dan konsep ini diterapkan, kehidupan manusia yang ideal dan sempurna di dunia akan tercipta sebagaimana Allah SWT. telah menjaminnya lewat cantuman ayat-ayat dalam kitab suci Al Quran dan hadits-hadits Nabi Muhammad SAW. Kata kunci: Kepemilikan, Islam, Amanah, Ekonomi, Keadilan Sosial.   AbstractOwnership is one of the fundamental issues in Islamic thought. This is because it is related not only to the relationship between human beings, wealth, society, and the environment, but more importantly, everything connected to humans is ultimately linked to Al-Khaliq, the Creator, Allah SWT. This study aims to examine the concept of ownership in Islam through a normative–theological perspective of the salaf al ummah, combined with an analytical comparison to contemporary realities. It is hoped that this study can serve as guidance and foundational principles in Islamic jurisprudence related to ownership and its benefits for humankind—past, present, future, and of course, for beyond. To facilitate this, the study employs a qualitative approach using a literature review method. The analysis is carried out normatively and philosophically on classical and contemporary fiqh literature, including the views of early and modern scholars, their discussions, legal maxims, and authoritative fatwas. The findings of this study indicate that Islam views ownership as a trust (amanah), not as an absolute and unrestricted right. This is clearly reflected and manifested in the recognition of individual, collective, and state ownership, oriented toward social justice, balance, and the equitable distribution of welfare. In the modern context, this concept becomes relevant in addressing issues of economic inequality, the privatization of natural resources, and the global justice crisis. Thus, when these guidelines and concepts are applied, an ideal and harmonious human life can be realized in this world, as guaranteed by Allah SWT. through the verses of the Qur'an and the hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad SAW. Keywords: Ownership, Islam, Trust, Economy, Social Justice.
Ethical Trade and Moral Integrity: The Crisis of Ethics and Morality in Contemporary Indonesian Commerce and Its Relevance to Al-Ghazali, Ibn Khaldun, and Classical Islamic Thought Hikam Muhtadi Zuhdi; Dewi Fatmasari; Abdul Aziz
KASTA : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Agama, Budaya dan Terapan Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Lembaga Bale Literasi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58218/kasta.v6i1.2636

Abstract

This article examines the crisis of ethical, moral, and virtuous values in contemporary economic and trade practices, which are still prevalent in many regions of Indonesia. This crisis is marked by the neglect of public rights, deceptive and manipulative investment schemes based on speculation, and the commercialization that erodes the spiritual dimensions of economic actors. Phenomena such as the unilateral and coercive use of public spaces and facilities without regard for public access, economic and trading activities that neglect religious obligations, and the proliferation of investment schemes promising instant profits all indicate a significant moral and ethical degradation in economic (muamalah) practices. This study employs a qualitative method with a normative-philosophical approach, examining the thoughts of Al-Ghazali, Ibn Khaldun, and classical Islamic scholars (salaf) concerning ethics, morality, and virtuous conduct in economic activities. The findings reveal that trade in Islam is not merely about ensuring the smooth functioning of economic transactions or pursuing profit by any means necessary. Rather, it serves as a domain for moral and ethical formation, reflecting the ideals of Maqasid al-Shariah, particularly in the preservation of wealth (hifz al-mal), life (hifz al-nafs), and religion (hifz al-din). This article strongly emphasizes the urgency of reconstructing ethical economic and trade practices grounded in moral values and Islamic teachings as a foundation for sustainable economic development and social stability, both globally and particularly within the Indonesian contex.
TINGKAT PENGANGGURAN ALAMI DAN KURVA PHILLIPS KAJIAN EMPIRIS DAN PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM DI INDONESIA Hikam Muhtadi Zuhdi; Ayus Ahmad Yusuf
Iqtishaduna: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Vol 7 No 3 (2026): April
Publisher : Jurusan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum Uin Alauddin Makassar

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24252/iqtishaduna.v7i3.64560

Abstract

Abstrak Penelitian ini mengkaji hubungan antara tingkat pengangguran alami atau yang biasa disebut The Natural Rate of Unemployment (NAIRU) dan Kurva Phillips dalam konteks perekonomian Indonesia periode 2010 – 2025. Di tengah dinamika inflasi global dan perubahan struktural domestik, pertanyaan mendasar penelitian ini adalah, masihkah berlaku trade-off antara inflasi dan pengangguran dalam ekonomi Indonesia modern. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan metodologi kuantitatif-deskriptif yang diperkaya dengan analisis kualitatif normatif a la Islam. Data sekunder diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), Bank Indonesia (BI), dan International Monetary Fund (IMF), mencakup tiga variabel utama, yaitu, tingkat inflasi tahunan, tingkat pengangguran terbuka (TPT), dan tingkat Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB). Analisis statistik dilakukan menggunakan korelasi Pearson (r) dan diagram sebar (scatter plot) untuk mengamati pola Phillips Curve, sedangkan interpretasi normatif dilakukan dengan meninjau hasil empiris dalam bingkai nilai-nilai Islam seperti keseimbangan (mizan) dan keadilan (‘adl). Hasil perhitungan diperoleh nilai angka korelasi r = +0,12, yang menunjukkan adanya hubungan sangat lemah dan positif antara inflasi dan pengangguran. Pola ini menandakan bahwa trade-off klasik seperti yang dijelaskan oleh Phillips (1958) tidak lagi signifikan dalam konteks Indonesia. Fenomena ini mengafirmasi adanya model Expectations-Augmented Phillips Curve sebagaimana dikemukakan oleh Friedman (1968) dan Phelps (1968), di mana ekspektasi inflasi dan kredibilitas kebijakan moneter menjadi faktor yang dominan dibanding hubungan kausal langsung antarvariabel. Pembahasan artikel, secara makroekonomi, lemahnya korelasi ini mencerminkan ketergantungan tinggi ekonomi Indonesia terhadap faktor struktural non-moneter seperti rigiditas pasar tenaga kerja, volatilitas harga pangan dan energi, serta ketidakseimbangan sektor formal–informal. Dalam perspektif ekonomi Islam, hasil ini memperkuat prinsip bahwa stabilitas harga tidak boleh dicapai dengan mengorbankan kemaslahatan sosial. Kebijakan ekonomi harus bergerak menuju keseimbangan yang adil melalui penguatan sektor riil, zakat produktif, dan wakaf sosial. Kesimpulannya, Phillips Curve di Indonesia cenderung datar (flat) dan tidak menunjukkan trade-off yang stabil antara inflasi dan pengangguran. Hasil penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya sinergi antara kebijakan moneter dan kebijakan sosial agar pertumbuhan ekonomi dapat tercapai tanpa mengorbankan keadilan distributif dan kesejahteraan manusia sehingga idealisme penerapan ekonomi Islam dapat tercapai dan direalisasikan. Kata kunci : NAIRU, Phillips Curve, Inflasi, Pengangguran, Ekonomi Islam, Indonesia.   Abstract This study examines the relationship between the natural rate of unemployment, commonly referred to as the Natural Rate of Unemployment (NAIRU), and the Phillips Curve within the context of the Indonesian economy over the period 2010–2025. Amid global inflationary dynamics and domestic structural changes, the central question of this research is whether the inflation–unemployment trade-off still holds in modern Indonesia. The study employs a quantitative–descriptive methodological approach, complemented by normative qualitative analysis from an Islamic economic perspective. Secondary data are obtained from Statistics Indonesia (BPS), Bank Indonesia (BI), and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), covering three main variables: annual inflation rates, open unemployment rates, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Statistical analysis is conducted using Pearson correlation (r) and scatter plot diagrams to observe the Phillips Curve pattern, while normative interpretation is carried out by examining the empirical findings through Islamic values such as balance (mizan) and justice (‘adl). The results indicate a correlation coefficient of r = +0.12, suggesting a very weak and positive relationship between inflation and unemployment. This pattern implies that the classical trade-off described by Phillips (1958) is no longer significant in the Indonesian context. The findings support the Expectations-Augmented Phillips Curve model proposed by Friedman (1968) and Phelps (1968), in which inflation expectations and the credibility of monetary policy play a more dominant role than a direct causal relationship between the two variables. From a macroeconomic perspective, the weak correlation reflects Indonesia’s high dependence on non-monetary structural factors, such as labor market rigidities, volatility in food and energy prices, and imbalances between the formal and informal sectors. From the perspective of Islamic economics, these results reinforce the principle that price stability should not be achieved at the expense of social welfare. Economic policy should move toward a just equilibrium by strengthening the real sector, promoting productive zakat, and developing social waqf. In conclusion, the Phillips Curve in Indonesia tends to be relatively flat and does not exhibit a stable trade-off between inflation and unemployment. This study underscores the importance of synergy between monetary policy and social policy to ensure that economic growth is achieved without sacrificing distributive justice and human well-being, in line with the ideals of Islamic economics. Keywords: NAIRU, Phillips Curve, Inflation, Unemployment, Islamic Economics, Indonesia.