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Implementation of Black Campaigns as a Form of Unfair Business Competition: A Review of the Fulfillment of the Elements of Article 1365 of the Civil Code: Implementasi Black Campaign Sebagai Bentuk Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat: Tinjauan Terhadap Pemenuhan Unsur-Unsur Pasal 1365 KUH Perdata Mingga, Britney Wilhelmina Berlian; Gunadi, Ariawan
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12970

Abstract

 General background: Indonesia’s rapid economic growth has intensified business competition, particularly through the increasing use of digital marketing strategies. Specific background: This environment has contributed to the rise of black campaign practices, which not only damage business reputations but also cause substantial material and immaterial losses, while regulatory clarity remains limited. Knowledge gap: Existing studies rarely examine black campaigns as a form of unfair business competition within the framework of unlawful acts under Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code. Aim: This study analyzes whether black campaign practices fulfill the elements of an unlawful act—namely the existence of an act, illegality, fault, losses, and causal relationship—thereby establishing grounds for civil liability. Results: The findings demonstrate that the characteristics of black campaigns, including the dissemination of misleading information and direct attacks on competitors’ products and branding, substantively satisfy all elements of Article 1365. Novelty: This research highlights that black campaign disputes should not be viewed solely through the lens of criminal liability under the ITE Law, but can be more effectively resolved through civil liability mechanisms that address actual economic harm. Implications: The study underscores the importance of adopting civil law remedies to protect business continuity, market fairness, and economic stability within the digital competition landscape. Highlights: Black campaign practices meet all elements of unlawful acts under Article 1365. Civil liability offers a more effective remedy than relying solely on the ITE Law. Digital competition increases reputational and economic risks for businesses. Keywords: Black Campaign, Unfair Business Competition, Unlawful Act, Civil Liability, Digital Marketing
SOSIALISASI DAN EDUKASI DALAM MENEKAN ANGKA PERKAWINAN DINI DI INDRAMAYU Hadiati, Mia; Mingga, Britney Wilhelmina Berlian; Tansir, Charisse Evania
Jurnal Serina Abdimas Vol 3 No 3 (2025): Jurnal Serina Abdimas
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Universitas Tarumanagara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24912/jsa.v3i3.35789

Abstract

Early marriage in Indonesia, particularly in Indramayu Regency, is a pressing social issue that requires addressing. Although Law Number 1 of 1974 and its revision through Law Number 16 of 2019 set the minimum age for marriage at 19, the practice of underage marriage remains widespread. Data shows that in 2023, there were 425 cases of early marriage in Indramayu, with the main factors being premarital pregnancy and parental pressure. The consequences of early marriage are devastating, both in terms of health, education, and socioeconomics, potentially exacerbating the cycle of poverty. Therefore, efforts to address early marriage through community outreach and education are crucial. The implementation method for this community service includes several stages, starting from preparation, proposal development, activity planning, to implementation of outreach and final report preparation. The outreach activities are designed to raise legal awareness in the community, including education regarding the marriage age requirements stipulated in the law and preventive measures that can be taken early on. The implementation of socialization and education activities to reduce the number of early marriages in Indramayu has created an understanding of the negative impacts of underage marriage, as well as legal awareness for the people of Indramayu Regency, and educated the importance of cooperation between society, religion, and the government in jointly making Indonesia a success without underage marriage. Perkawinan dini di Indonesia, khususnya di Kabupaten Indramayu, menjadi isu sosial yang mendesak untuk ditangani. Meskipun Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 dan revisinya melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 menetapkan batas usia minimal menikah pada 19 tahun, praktik perkawinan di bawah umur masih marak terjadi. Data menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun 2023, terdapat 425 kasus perkawinan dini di Indramayu, dengan faktor utama seperti kehamilan di luar nikah dan desakan orang tua. Konsekuensi dari perkawinan dini sangat merugikan, baik dari segi kesehatan, pendidikan, maupun sosial ekonomi, yang berpotensi memperburuk siklus kemiskinan. Oleh karena itu, upaya penanggulangan perkawinan dini melalui sosialisasi dan edukasi kepada masyarakat menjadi sangat penting. Metode pelaksanaan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini meliputi beberapa tahap, mulai dari persiapan, penyusunan proposal, pembuatan rencana kegiatan, hingga pelaksanaan sosialisasi dan penyusunan laporan akhir. Kegiatan sosialisasi dirancang untuk meningkatkan kesadaran hukum bagi masyarakat, didalamnya memuat edukasi mengenai syarat usia menikah dalam Undang-Undang, dan pencegahan-pencegahan yang dapat dilakukan sejak dini. Terlaksananya kegiatan sosialisasi dan edukasi dalam menekan angka perkawinan dini di Indramayu telah mewujudkan pemahaman akan dampak negatif dari perkawinan anak dibawah umur, serta kesadaran hukum bagi masyarakat Kabupaten Indramayu, dan mengedukasi pentingnya kerja sama akan masyarakat, agama, dan pemerintah dalam bersama menyukseskan Indonesia tanpa perkawinan anak dibawah umur.