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All Journal Sinergi International Journal of Law Legalis : Journal of Law Review
Ismiala, Hassan Adebowale
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Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Legal Implications of the P5 Veto Power on the Enforcement of ICJ Judgments and its Impact on the Credibility of the UN Security Council Aidonojie, Paul Atagamen; Ismiala, Hassan Adebowale; Antai, Godswill Owoche; Ekpenisi, Collins; Obieshi , Eregbuonye
Sinergi International Journal of Law Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : Yayasan Sinergi Kawula Muda

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61194/law.v4i1.916

Abstract

The formation of the United Nations and its organs is meant to steer global community affairs. Hence, the International Court of Justice (ICJ), as one of the UN organs, has been positioned to address conflicts between states. Although the enforcement of its judgment depends mainly on the UN Security Council, which has often been constrained by the P5 Veto Power. Hence, this study examines the legal implications and impact of the P5 Veto power in the enforcement of the ICJ Judgement. The study adopts a doctrinal method of study by utilising the PRISMA Guide to systematically search, evaluate and assess primary and secondary sources of research materials. Hence, several international laws and case law were relied on. Also, 48 scientific peer-reviewed secondary sources were relied on. Results indicate that enforcement outcomes are shaped less by legal obligation than by P5 political alignment, producing recurrent compliance deficits. The study therefore concludes that the P5 Veto Power generate significant legal impact and consequences in circumventing the enforcement of the ICJ Judgement. The study recommends amending the UN Charter to limit the power of the P5 in the enforcement of the ICJ Judgement. In the alternative, there should be regional cooperation in recognising and implementing the ICJ Judgement. This research is a breakthrough in the sense that it associates the P5 veto with the systematic obstruction of ICJ judgment enforcement and not with the general UN decision-making. It additionally illustrates the obstruction's impact on the Security Council's credibility in its role as the international justice custodian.
Legal Issues and Challenges in Securing Ugandans' Health Rights in Vaccine Safety Aidonojie, Paul Atagamen; Aidonojie, Esther Chetachukwu; Ismiala, Hassan Adebowale; Jufri, Muwaffiq; Ekpenisi, Collins
Legalis : Journal of Law Review Vol. 4 No. 1 (2026): January 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Scientific Publication

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61978/legalis.v4i1.1173

Abstract

Health is widely regarded as a form of wealth and a fundamental human right that governments must protect. In response to global infectious diseases, the international community has increasingly relied on vaccine development as a strategy to mitigate major health threats. However, public concerns such as those raised by Dr. Wahome Ngare’s medical team regarding the safety of certain vaccines highlight the urgent need for strong legal and institutional mechanisms to safeguard public health. Against this backdrop, the study examines Uganda’s legal framework for protecting citizens’ health rights and explores the structural challenges that may hinder the effectiveness of these laws. Using a doctrinal research method, the study draws on primary and secondary legal materials and analyzes them through descriptive and analytical approaches. The findings reveal that unsafe vaccines can pose severe risks to human health. The Ugandan government is legally obligated, under both international and domestic law, to ensure that vaccines circulating within the country are safe and effective. Despite this mandate, several obstacles limit the implementation of health protections, including constitutional barriers to the application of international law, bureaucratic delays in enforcing national regulations, resource constraints, and low public awareness of the health reporting system. The study concludes by reaffirming the need to strengthen the protection of Ugandans’ health rights. It recommends that the government address these challenges by domesticating reliable international legal standards, reducing internal legal bureaucracy, and improving public awareness of health reporting mechanisms. This research contributes to the broader understanding of how Uganda’s legal and institutional structures support public health rights, while identifying gaps, accountability issues, and policy challenges related to vaccine safety and public trust.
Co-Authors Aidonojie, Esther Chetachukwu Aidonojie, Paul Atagamen Antai, Godswill Owoche Ekpenisi, Collins Muwaffiq Jufri, Muwaffiq Obieshi , Eregbuonye