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All Journal R.E.M (Rekyasa Energi Manufaktur) Jurnal Sinergi Polmed : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin
Abdulloh, Isa Yuanata
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Aerospace Engineering Automotive Engineering Control & Systems Engineering Energy Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering

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Optimization of Polylactic acid and Banana Peel Flour Composition to Enhance the Mechanical Properties and Biodegradability of Eco-Friendly Bioplastics Abdulloh, Isa Yuanata; Andita Nataria Fitri Ganda; Dewi Puspitasari; Arya Mahendra Sakti
R.E.M. (Rekayasa Energi Manufaktur) Jurnal Vol 10 No 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/r.e.m.v10i2.1789

Abstract

This study investigates the development of environmentally friendly bioplastics made from polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with banana peel flour. Four filler concentrations (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% wt) were fabricated using injection molding and evaluated through tensile testing (ASTM D638), FTIR spectroscopy, and soil burial biodegradation. Pure PLA showed the highest tensile strength (26.23 MPa) but had the lowest elongation (6.33%) and biodegradation rate (12.8%). Adding 10-20 wt% filler increased stiffness, with the elastic modulus rising from 21.24 MPa to 38.12-26.63 MPa, while maintaining moderate flexibility. The 30 wt% composite demonstrated the most balanced performance, achieving 67.24 MPa tensile strength, 40.12 MPa modulus, 11.49% elongation, and the highest mass loss (20.2%). FTIR results showed a C=O shift from 1743.44 to 1720.46 cm⁻¹ and broad O–H bands, confirming hydrogen bonding and improved interfacial adhesion. Overall, banana peel flour is a promising sustainable filler for PLA-based bioplastics.
Analisis Sifat Mekanik Bioplastik PLA–Tepung Kulit Pisang pada Beragam Suhu Pemrosesan melalui Injection Molding Maulana, Adimashqi; Fitri Ganda, Andita Nataria; Puspitasari, Dewi; Abdulloh, Isa Yuanata
Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin Vol 11 No 01 (2026): JRM April 2026 (In Press)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26740/jrm.v11i01.74650

Abstract

This study analyzes the effect of injection molding processing temperature variation on mechanical properties of bioplastic based on polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with bananapeel flour. Material was processed at three different temperatures (200°C, 225°C, 250°C) with70% PLA–30% banana peel flour composition. Tensile testing was performed using Universal Testing Machine (UTM) according to ASTM D638 Type I standard to measure tensile strength and elastic modulus. Results showed that 225°C produced the highest tensile strength of 50.96 MPa and elastic modulus of 49.96 MPa, far exceeding 200°C (27.09 MPa;21.99 MPa) and 250°C (35.97 MPa; 30.40 MPa). This research confirms that there is an optimum temperature of 225°C that produces the best balance between material structure homogeneity and matrix–filler interfacial bonding, making PLA–banana peel flour bioplastic potentially suitable as a conventional plastic substitute with competitive mechanical properties.
PENGARUH VARIASI UKURAN PARTIKEL TEPUNG KULIT PISANG TERHADAP SIFAT MEKANIK KOMPOSIT BIOPLASTIK BERBASIS POLYLACTIC ACID Abdulloh, Isa Yuanata; fitri Ganda, Andita Nataria; Puspitasari, Dewi
SINERGI POLMED: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): Edisi Februari
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Medan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51510/sinergipolmed.v7i1.3047

Abstract

Produksi pisang yang tinggi di Indonesia menghasilkan limbah kulit pisang dalam jumlah besar yang berpotensi menimbulkan permasalahan lingkungan apabila tidak dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Kulit pisang memiliki kandungan pati dan lignoselulosa yang berpotensi digunakan sebagai filler alami dalam pengembangan bioplastik ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi ukuran partikel tepung kulit pisang terhadap sifat mekanik komposit bioplastik berbasis polylactic acid (PLA). Bioplastik dibuat dengan metode injection molding menggunakan tiga variasi ukuran partikel tepung kulit pisang, yaitu mesh 50, 100, dan 200. Karakterisasi sifat mekanik dilakukan melalui uji tarik untuk menentukan kekuatan tarik, modulus elastisitas, dan elongasi, serta didukung oleh analisis morfologi menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penurunan ukuran partikel filler secara signifikan meningkatkan performa mekanik bioplastik. Spesimen dengan ukuran partikel paling halus (mesh 200) menghasilkan kekuatan tarik tertinggi sebesar 36,88 MPa, modulus elastisitas 83,49 MPa, dan elongasi 8,33%. Hasil SEM mengonfirmasi adanya dispersi filler yang lebih homogen dan ikatan antarmuka yang lebih baik. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa variasi ukuran partikel memberikan pengaruh signifikan terhadap seluruh parameter mekanik (p < 0,05). Penelitian ini memberikan manfaat bagi masyarakat melalui pemanfaatan limbah kulit pisang sebagai bahan baku bernilai tambah untuk pengembangan bioplastik ramah lingkungan.
Co-Authors Andita Nataria Fitri Ganda Arya Mahendra Sakti Dewi Puspitasari Dewi Puspitasari Fitri Ganda, Andita Nataria Maulana, Adimashqi