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All Journal Indonesian Journal of Legality of Law Contemporary Issues on Interfaith Law and Society
Hambali , Azwad Rachmat
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Humanities Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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DIMENSI HUKUM DAN ETIKA DALAM PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN NOTARIS ATAS COVERNOTE PALSU: IMPLIKASI TERHADAP PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI DEBITUR Arief, Anggreany; Hambali , Azwad Rachmat
Indonesian Journal of Legality of Law Vol. 8 No. 1 (2025): Indonesian Journal of Legality of Law, Desember 2025
Publisher : Postgraduate Bosowa University Publishing

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35965/ijlf.v8i1.7875

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk pertanggungjawaban hukum dan etika notaris terhadap penerbitan covernote palsu serta implikasinya terhadap perlindungan hukum bagi debitur. Dalam praktik kenotariatan, covernote merupakan surat keterangan sementara yang sering digunakan oleh lembaga perbankan untuk mempercepat proses pencairan kredit sebelum seluruh dokumen jaminan selesai. Namun, penyalahgunaan covernote dengan memuat keterangan tidak benar menimbulkan kerugian hukum dan finansial, baik bagi kreditur maupun debitur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) serta analisis deskriptif kualitatif terhadap berbagai peraturan, doktrin, dan putusan pengadilan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa covernote palsu menimbulkan tanggung jawab hukum dalam tiga dimensi: (1) Perdata, berdasarkan Pasal 1365 KUHPerdata tentang perbuatan melawan hukum; (2) Pidana, berdasarkan Pasal 263 dan 378 KUHP mengenai pemalsuan dan penipuan; serta (3) Administratif dan Etika Profesi, melalui sanksi Majelis Pengawas Notaris dan Kode Etik Ikatan Notaris Indonesia (INI). Temuan penelitian menegaskan perlunya regulasi khusus mengenai covernote untuk menghindari kekosongan hukum dan memperkuat pengawasan profesi notaris. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam memperjelas batas kewenangan notaris serta memperkuat perlindungan hukum bagi debitur dalam praktik kenotariatan dan perbankan di Indonesia. This research aims to analyze the legal and ethical accountability of notaries in issuing false covernotes and its implications for the legal protection of debtors. In notarial practice, a covernote is a temporary certificate often used by banking institutions to facilitate credit disbursement before all collateral documents are completed. However, the misuse of covernotes containing false information can cause significant legal and financial losses to both creditors and debtors. This study employs a normative legal research method using a statutory approach and qualitative descriptive analysis of relevant laws, doctrines, and court decisions. The findings indicate that the issuance of a false covernote entails three dimensions of legal responsibility: (1) Civil, based on Article 1365 of the Indonesian Civil Code concerning unlawful acts; (2) Criminal, under Articles 263 and 378 of the Indonesian Penal Code regarding forgery and fraud; and (3) Administrative and Ethical, through sanctions imposed by the Notary Supervisory Council and the Indonesian Notary Association’s Code of Ethics. The study concludes that specific regulation on covernotes is urgently needed to prevent legal uncertainty and strengthen professional supervision. Hence, this research contributes to clarifying the boundaries of notarial authority and reinforcing the legal protection of debtors within Indonesia’s notarial and banking practices
Neurocognitive Dysfunction and Criminal Liability: Integrating Neuroscience, Legal Theory, and Islamic Thought Nur, Rafika; Hambali , Azwad Rachmat; Igirisa, Ridwanto; Bakhtiar, Handar Subhandi; Zabidi, Ahmad Fakhrurrazi Mohammed
Contemporary Issues on Interfaith Law and Society Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Digital Society and Interfaith Legal Challenges
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/ciils.v4i2.31833

Abstract

This article examines the relationship between neurocognitive dysfunction, criminal behaviour, legal theory, and Islamic thought, with particular attention to the neurobiological foundations of moral decision-making and criminal responsibility. Employing an interdisciplinary normative approach that integrates cognitive neuroscience, criminal law theory, moral philosophy, and Islamic jurisprudence, this study analyses how neurobiological dysfunctions especially those affecting the prefrontal cortex and amygdala may influence impulse control, moral judgement, and antisocial conduct. Drawing exclusively on a critical review of scholarly literature, judicial decisions, and normative legal sources, the article explores the implications of neuroscientific findings for concepts of free will, moral agency, and criminal liability. The analysis demonstrates that while neuroscientific evidence has the potential to inform sentencing mitigation and rehabilitative strategies, its application raises significant ethical and legal challenges, particularly concerning biological determinism, evidentiary reliability, and procedural fairness. From an Islamic legal perspective, sound intellect (‘aql) constitutes the foundation of taklīf (legal responsibility), yet Islamic jurisprudence recognises circumstances in which responsibility may be diminished or removed, in accordance with the principles of raf‘ al-ḥaraj and maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah. The article argues that the absence of clear procedural standards and limited doctrinal integration of neuroscience within criminal justice systems particularly in Indonesia and Malaysia necessitates a more coherent normative framework. Ultimately, this study proposes a holistic and ethically grounded approach to criminal justice reform that integrates neuroscientific insights with legal principles and religious values, aiming to enhance proportionality, procedural justice, and human dignity.
Co-Authors Arief, Anggreany Handar Subhandi Bakhtiar Igirisa, Ridwanto Rafika Nur Zabidi, Ahmad Fakhrurrazi Mohammed