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The Importance of Knowing the Types of Capital and Shares in Establishing and Operating a Company Layla Hasfajira Br Tambunan; Nadiatul Maghfirah; Hadi Rafli Maulana Srg; Nabila Hilmy Khairunnisa Hasibuan; Amanda Putri Fajrin
ISNU Nine-Star Multidisciplinary Journal Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): Vol.2 No.1 2025 ISNU Nine Star Mei
Publisher : ISNU Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70826/ins9mj.v2i1.765

Abstract

Understanding the structure and classification of capital and shares is crucial in the establishment and operation of a company, as these two elements form the basis of financial strength, clarity of ownership, and legal accountability. Capital and shares not only provide the financial resources needed for business growth but also serve as instruments of control and governance within a corporate framework. A lack of understanding of these aspects can lead to financial mismanagement, conflicts between shareholders, and limited access to external financing, particularly among small and medium-sized enterprises. This paper presents a structured analysis of capital, encompassing three main categories: authorized capital, issued capital, and paid-up capital. Furthermore, the paper discusses the types of shares, such as common stock and preferred stock, along with the rights and obligations attached to them. Drawing on theoretical concepts and legal regulations, particularly Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies, this study aims to bridge academic understanding and practical application. This research emphasizes the importance of understanding capital and share structures for entrepreneurs, investors, and company managers to achieve financial stability, legal compliance, and long-term business sustainability.
Analysis of Corruption Crimes in Government Institutions Siti Nurjannah Lase; Zahara Ananda; Amanda Putri Fajrin; Taufik Hidayat Batubara
Jurnal Sahabat ISNU SU Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): ISNU Sahabat September 2025
Publisher : ISNU Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70826/jsisnu.v2i2.828

Abstract

Corruption in government institutions is no longer a new problem in Indonesia, in fact it can be said that corruption has become a deviant culture to gain wealth and personal gain using public or state funds illegally by abusing power or authority. The purpose of this paper is to analyze criminal acts of corruption in government institutions, determine the impact of criminal acts of corruption in government institutions, and efforts to minimize criminal acts of corruption in government institutions. The writing method used is normative legal research, descriptive, library research or literature review by reviewing published literature relevant to the problem studied. The results of this study indicate that criminal acts of corruption are a very significant problem because they can hinder economic growth and national development, therefore serious action is needed to overcome or minimize them. Efforts that can be made to eradicate criminal acts of corruption in government institutions are increasing transparency related to budget management in government institutions and increasing prison sentences for corruptors, which are expected to reduce criminal acts of corruption.