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The Importance of Knowing the Types of Capital and Shares in Establishing and Operating a Company Layla Hasfajira Br Tambunan; Nadiatul Maghfirah; Hadi Rafli Maulana Srg; Nabila Hilmy Khairunnisa Hasibuan; Amanda Putri Fajrin
ISNU Nine-Star Multidisciplinary Journal Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): Vol.2 No.1 2025 ISNU Nine Star Mei
Publisher : ISNU Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70826/ins9mj.v2i1.765

Abstract

Understanding the structure and classification of capital and shares is crucial in the establishment and operation of a company, as these two elements form the basis of financial strength, clarity of ownership, and legal accountability. Capital and shares not only provide the financial resources needed for business growth but also serve as instruments of control and governance within a corporate framework. A lack of understanding of these aspects can lead to financial mismanagement, conflicts between shareholders, and limited access to external financing, particularly among small and medium-sized enterprises. This paper presents a structured analysis of capital, encompassing three main categories: authorized capital, issued capital, and paid-up capital. Furthermore, the paper discusses the types of shares, such as common stock and preferred stock, along with the rights and obligations attached to them. Drawing on theoretical concepts and legal regulations, particularly Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies, this study aims to bridge academic understanding and practical application. This research emphasizes the importance of understanding capital and share structures for entrepreneurs, investors, and company managers to achieve financial stability, legal compliance, and long-term business sustainability.
Kepastian Hukum Warisan Untuk Anak Di Luar Nikah Yang Diakui Sah Oleh Orang Tua Biologisnya Laila Rizqillah; Amanda Putri Fajrin; Aqtika Deeba Lubis; Aulia putri; Khania Amanda Salsabila
Jurnal Sahabat ISNU SU Vol. 2 No. 1 (2025): Vol.2 No.1 2025: Sahabat ISNU Mei
Publisher : ISNU Sumatera Utara

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Abstract

Status hukum anak di luar nikah di Indonesia telah menjadi isu kompleks yang melibatkan aspek hukum, agama, dan sosial. Anak di luar nikah sering kali mengalami diskriminasi dalam memperoleh hak-hak perdata, terutama terkait nasab, nafkah, dan warisan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kepastian hukum bagi anak di luar nikah yang diakui sah oleh orang tua biologisnya, dengan fokus pada pengaturan hukum positif Indonesia, perspektif agama Islam, dan peran Mahkamah Konstitusi. Kajian ini juga menawarkan solusi komprehensif untuk mengatasi hambatan hukum dan sosial dalam implementasi kebijakan perlindungan anak di luar nikah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis-normatif dengan pendekatan multidisipliner, memadukan analisis hukum positif, kajian agama Islam, dan aspek sosial-budaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010 merupakan langkah maju dalam memberikan pengakuan hukum bagi anak di luar nikah, namun implementasinya masih menghadapi tantangan signifikan. Dalam hukum Islam, status anak di luar nikah cenderung terbatas pada hubungan nasab dengan ibu biologisnya, meskipun terdapat alternatif seperti wasiat wajibah untuk melindungi hak-haknya. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan revisi regulasi, sosialisasi kepada masyarakat, penguatan peran lembaga perlindungan anak, optimalisasi teknologi pembuktian seperti tes DNA, dan harmonisasi antara hukum positif dan hukum Islam. Dengan pendekatan holistik, diharapkan perlindungan hukum bagi anak di luar nikah dapat diwujudkan secara adil, inklusif, dan sesuai dengan prinsip kemanusiaan.
Analysis of Corruption Crimes in Government Institutions Siti Nurjannah Lase; Zahara Ananda; Amanda Putri Fajrin; Taufik Hidayat Batubara
Jurnal Sahabat ISNU SU Vol. 2 No. 2 (2025): ISNU Jurnal Sahabat September
Publisher : ISNU Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70826/jsisnu.v2i2.828

Abstract

Corruption in government institutions is no longer a new problem in Indonesia, in fact it can be said that corruption has become a deviant culture to gain wealth and personal gain using public or state funds illegally by abusing power or authority. The purpose of this paper is to analyze criminal acts of corruption in government institutions, determine the impact of criminal acts of corruption in government institutions, and efforts to minimize criminal acts of corruption in government institutions. The writing method used is normative legal research, descriptive, library research or literature review by reviewing published literature relevant to the problem studied. The results of this study indicate that criminal acts of corruption are a very significant problem because they can hinder economic growth and national development, therefore serious action is needed to overcome or minimize them. Efforts that can be made to eradicate criminal acts of corruption in government institutions are increasing transparency related to budget management in government institutions and increasing prison sentences for corruptors, which are expected to reduce criminal acts of corruption.