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All Journal Leksema: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra
Putu Desi Anggerina Hikmaharyanti
Universitas Mahasaraswati
Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media

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LEVEL SHIFTS IN TOETY HERATY'S 'GENEVA BULAN JULI' POETRY TRANSLATION Ni Putu Sita Vallabha; Putu Desi Anggerina Hikmaharyanti
Leksema: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22515/ljbs.v10i1.9876

Abstract

Poetry often uses certain linguistic devices and styles such as metaphors, meters, and rhymes. A level shift can occur when these devices are expressed differently in the target language. Different languages have varying grammatical structures and rules, which can lead to level shift when translating. Cultural and contextual differences may require a level shift to make the poem understandable and comprehensible in the target language. In shift translation, there are two categories, level shift and category shift. This study focuses on the identification of the level shift in the poem Geneva Bulan Juli and its translation. A qualitative descriptive method is used to analyze the data of this study. The result shows that there are 17 level shifts occurring with the majority in the forms of shifts from grammatical forms, in the source language, to lexical forms, in the target language. These shifts include the transformations of verbs to nominal forms, the removals or additions of time elements and aspects, and the replacements of complex syntactic structures into dense and direct diction. Each shift serves not only as a linguistic adjustment but also as a rhetorical strategy to maintain the depth of meanings, emotional nuances, and poetic power in translation. These findings suggest that level shifts are inevitable strategies as well as creative aspects in poetry translation that have important implications for the studies of cross-cultural literary translation.
Novice and Professional Interpreters' Material and Mental Process: An SFL-Based Study Putu Desi Anggerina Hikmaharyanti; Ida Ayu Made Puspani; Ni Wayan Sukarini; Ni Luh Ketut Mas Indrawati
Leksema: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22515/ljbs.v11i1.14881

Abstract

The exploration of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) application particularly the ideational metafunction in spoken text like simultaneous interpreting within a reflective narrative text of legal and security context, focusing on the realization of mental and material processes has been limited to access. This study compares interpreting performance of 3 novices and 3 professional interpreters as they interpret an audio recording from Indonesian to English discussing border issues to investigate the realization of mental and material processes. Through qualitative descriptive approach of the interpreted texts, the study examines how each group constructs experiential meaning, especially in rendering cognitive (mental) and action-oriented (material) processes. Results indicate that novice and professional interpreters used material and mental processes in similar proportions, yet the quality of their realizations varied, with professionals demonstrating more accurate and consistent rendering. Novice interpreters, however, tend to generalize or omit key elements, particularly in complex mental processes, leading to reduced accuracy in meaning transfer. These differences highlight the impact of interpreter experience on the quality of simultaneous interpreting in border reflective narrative contexts containing speaker’s reflection and experience. The findings underscore the value of SFL as an analytical framework in interpreter training and assessment, especially in enhancing sensitivity to ideational meaning within reflective narrative texts.
Co-Authors Ida Ayu Made Puspani Ni Luh Ketut Mas Indrawati Ni Putu Sita Vallabha Ni Wayan Sukarini