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All Journal Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin (JUKIM) International Journal Multidisciplinary Science
Raudhotul Fadhilah
Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara
Humanities Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Social Sciences

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Lexical Density Across Languages: A Contrastive Analysis of English and Indonesian Academic Prose Raudhotul Fadhilah; Irpi Octia Pebrianti; Alya Fadhillah Dalimunthe; Cindy Alia Ramadhany; Siti Ismahani
Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Vol. 5 No. 01 (2026): Januari: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin
Publisher : Asosiasi Dosen Muda Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56127/jukim.v5i01.2515

Abstract

This study investigates lexical density in English and Indonesian academic prose using a qualitative contrastive approach. Drawing on authentic journal articles from comparable academic fields, the analysis focuses on how each language organizes and packages meaning in academic writing. The findings reveal that English academic prose tends to achieve high lexical density through nominalization and complex noun phrases, allowing writers to compress information and advance arguments in an abstract and cumulative manner. Indonesian academic prose, by contrast, often develops meaning through verbal clauses and explicit relational markers, resulting in a more elaborative and linear style. These differences reflect distinct discourse preferences rather than differences in academic quality. The study explains how such contrasts contribute to difficulties experienced by Indonesian writers when producing English academic texts. It also highlights the importance of contrastive awareness in academic writing instruction and evaluation
Thinking in Silence: Cognitive Pauses and Their Role in Second Language Sentence Planning Loudya Putri Utama; Miftahul Jannah; Raudhotul Fadhilah; Yani Lubis
International Journal Multidisciplinary Science Vol. 5 No. 1 (2026): February: International Journal Multidisciplinary Science
Publisher : Asosiasi Dosen Muda Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56127/ijml.v5i1.2504

Abstract

Silent pauses are a frequent feature of second language speech, yet they are often interpreted as signs of low fluency. This study examines silent pauses from a psycholinguistic perspective by focusing on their role in second language sentence planning. Using a qualitative design, the study involved ten undergraduate EFL learners and collected data through oral sentence production tasks and stimulated recall interviews. Speech data were recorded and analyzed to identify silent pauses occurring before and during sentence production, while interview data were used to explore learners’ cognitive processes during these pauses. The findings show that silent pauses function as cognitive resources that support conceptual planning, lexical retrieval, and syntactic organization. Learners used silence deliberately to manage cognitive load and maintain accuracy, although these pauses were often perceived negatively due to pressure to speak fluently. The study reinforces staged models of speech production and challenges narrow definitions of fluency by highlighting silence as an integral part of second language processing. Pedagogically, the findings emphasize the importance of providing thinking time to support more accurate and complex language use.
Co-Authors Alya Fadhillah Dalimunthe Cindy Alia Ramadhany Irpi Octia Pebrianti Loudya Putri Utama Miftahul Jannah Siti Ismahani Yani Lubis