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All Journal Journal of Selvicoltura Asean Journal of Biomedical and Techno Nanomaterials
Hassan, Mariam
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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A LEGAL FRAMEWORK ANALYSIS OF LAND TENURE CONFLICTS BETWEEN LOCAL COMMUNITIES AND PALM OIL CONCESSIONS IN WEST KALIMANTAN Judijanto, Loso; Ahmed, Dina; Hassan, Mariam
Journal of Selvicoltura Asean Vol. 2 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/jsa.v2i6.2487

Abstract

The rapid expansion of oil palm plantations in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, has precipitated a surge in protracted and often volatile land tenure conflicts between concession holders and local communities. These disputes are frequently rooted in a complex and fragmented legal landscape, where competing claims over land ownership and use rights collide. This study aimed to critically analyze the existing legal framework governing land tenure and concession licensing in West Kalimantan to identify the specific legal ambiguities, contradictions, and gaps that contribute to and perpetuate these conflicts. A qualitative legal framework analysis was conducted. The research systematically reviewed and analyzed a hierarchy of legal instruments, including Indonesia’s Basic Agrarian Law, Forestry Law, and investment regulations, alongside provincial land use policies. This was triangulated with an analysis of customary law (hukum adat) and documentation from 25 land conflict case studies. The analysis reveals a state of legal pluralism fraught with conflict. The primary cause of disputes is the state’s non-recognition of customary land rights (tanah ulayat) within the concession licensing (HGU) process. Significant procedural flaws, including a lack of free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) and inadequate compensation mechanisms, were found to consistently disenfranchise local communities, rendering their claims legally invisible. Endemic land tenure conflicts in West Kalimantan are a direct consequence of a dysfunctional legal framework that fails to recognize and protect community rights. Resolving these disputes necessitates fundamental legal reform, including the formal legal recognition of customary land tenure and the mandatory integration of robust FPIC principles into all stages of the concession licensing process.
TARGETING THE TUMOR MICRO-ENVIRONMENT: NANOPARTICLE-MEDIATED DELIVERY OF IMMUNOMODULATORY DRUGS TO ENHANCE CANCER IMMUNOTHERAPY Ali, Omar; Mohamed, Ahmed; Hassan, Mariam
Journal of Biomedical and Techno Nanomaterials Vol. 2 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70177/jbtn.v2i6.2982

Abstract

The tumor micro-environment plays a central role in regulating antitumor immune responses and represents a major barrier to the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy. Immunosuppressive cellular components, abnormal vasculature, and inhibitory cytokine networks often limit immune cell infiltration and reduce the efficacy of systemically administered immunomodulatory drugs. This study aims to investigate nanoparticle-mediated delivery strategies to selectively target the tumor micro-environment and enhance cancer immunotherapy outcomes. An experimental nanomedicine approach was employed, involving the design and characterization of drug-loaded nanoparticles, evaluation of biodistribution and tumor localization, and assessment of immunological responses in tumor models. Nanoparticle performance was compared with free drug administration to determine delivery efficiency and therapeutic impact. The results demonstrate that nanoparticle-mediated delivery significantly improved accumulation of immunomodulatory drugs within tumor tissues, leading to enhanced cytotoxic T cell infiltration, reduced immunosuppressive cell populations, and improved antitumor efficacy. Targeted delivery also reduced off-target immune activation and systemic toxicity compared to conventional administration. In conclusion, nanoparticle-based targeting of the tumor micro-environment offers an effective strategy to overcome immunosuppressive barriers and amplify the therapeutic potential of cancer immunotherapy. This approach provides a promising framework for the development of next-generation precision immuno-oncology treatments.
Co-Authors Ahmed, Dina Ali, Omar Judijanto, Loso Mohamed, Ahmed