Tedja, Suwardi
Universitas Katolik Parahyangan

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Façade Complexity as a Construction Cost Driver in Small Dwellings Suwardi Tedja; Carissa Carissa
RekaRacana: Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol 12, No 2: Juli 2026
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26760/rekaracana.v12i2.87

Abstract

ABSTRACTThis study examines how architectural façade articulation influences construction cost efficiency in small dwellings. While construction economics typically emphasises materials and structural systems, architectural design complexity remains weakly quantified using empirical cost data. The paper develops and tests a Façade Complexity Index (FCI) that translates observable façade articulation into measurable variables associated with construction cost performance. A comparative exploratory case study was conducted on five affordable housing prototypes with identical floor areas (22 m²), construction year, and structural systems. Actual Bills of Quantities (BoQ) were converted into constant prices using the Indonesian Construction Cost Index (IHPB, BPS 2008–2026) and normalised into cost per square metre. The analysis applied cost benchmarking, cost structure decomposition, exploratory Spearman correlation, and sensitivity analysis. Construction cost intensity varied by more than 30% across cases despite identical size and structural systems. Finishing works accounted for 44–55% of the total cost. A positive association (ρ ≈ 0.70) was observed between FCI scores and cost per square metre. Simplifying façade articulation and roof complexity could reduce total cost by approximately 10–15% without affecting housing function. The study is exploratory and limited to five cases within one regional context, restricting generalisability. The FCI provides a practical early-stage design-to-cost evaluation tool for managing finishing complexity and affordability targets.Keyword: design-to-cost, construction economics, architectural design complexity, façade complexity index, cost structure decomposition, value engineering
PENDAMPINGAN IDENTIFIKASI KAWASAN LAPANGAN JALAN KEBUMEN CIREBON UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA ARSITEKTUR KOTA CIREBON Rahadhian Prajudi Herwindo; Kamal Abdullah Arif; Mira Dewi Pangestu; Alwin S; Nancy Yusnita; Suwardi Tedja; Patricia Grasella Savalen Bangun; Andanti Eveline Emmanuella Alphadianto; Aileen Febriani Wijaya; Bima Sakti Rachmansyah; Puspaningrum Puspaningrum; Dimaz Daffa Attariqsyah; Iwan Purnama; Nur Hidayah; Yovita Andriani
Jurnal Dinamika Pengabdian Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): JURNAL DINAMIKA PENGABDIAN VOL. 11 NO. 2 JANUARI 2026
Publisher : Departemen Budidaya Pertanian Fakultas Pertanian UNHAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20956/jdp.v11i2.46381

Abstract

Kota Cirebon memiliki kekayaan peninggalan arsitektur masa lalu. Kawasan bersejarah  yang belum banyak dikembangkan lebih lanjut adalah Cirebon 0 Km yakni Lapangan Kebumen dan juga sebagai bekas area Benteng VOC. Kawasan ini terlihat kehilangan identitas sebagai kawasan kota lama era Kolonial dan tidak tertata dengan baik serta terkesan mati. Oleh karena itu sesuai dengan visi-misi arsitektur Unpar untuk mengembangkan potensi lokal di Jawa Barat diangkat ke tataran global, maka tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah upaya pendampingan identifikasi bangunan kuno peninggalan Belanda awal untuk mendukung  penghidupan kawasan ini menjadi tempat wisata kota yang berbasis pada nilai-nilai lokal sehingga dapat mendukung kemajuan pariwisata Kota Cirebon ke depan. Oleh karena itu  diperlukan upaya ke arah revitalisasi yakni penghidupan sebuah area kota maupun kawasan yang telah menurun fungsinya dari kehidupan sosial dan budaya maupun dalam aspek ekonomi. Metode awal yang dilakukan adalah dengan identifikasi bangunan melalui pemetaan dan pendokumentasian bangunan yang diduga cagar budaya. Hasil yang dikerjakan pada tahap ini adalah berupa identifikasi dan kajian bangunan tua untuk dapat nantinya diangkat sebagai cagar budaya untuk era kolonial awal di Cirebon. Hasil pengadian kepada masyarakat ini dapat digunakan sebagai landasan untuk penetapan menuju kawasan cagar budaya dan kegiatan tahun berikutnya berupa pengembangan  konsep revitalisasi arsitektural kawasan tua kolonial awal Cirebon dalam mendukung pariwisata kota.   Kata kunci: Lapangan Kebumen, identifikasi, cagar budaya, kolonial, pemetaan. ABSTRACT The city of Cirebon has a wealth of architectural heritage from the past. An undeveloped historical area is Cirebon 0 Km, namely Kebumen Field, which was also the site of the former VOC Fort. This area seems to have lost its identity as an old colonial city and is poorly organized and appears lifeless. Therefore, in line with Unpar's architectural vision and mission to develop the local potential of West Java to a global level, the objective of this community service activity is to assist in the identification of ancient Dutch colonial buildings to support the revitalization of this area into a city tourist destination based on local values, thereby supporting the future development of tourism in the city of Cirebon. Therefore, efforts towards revitalization are needed, namely the revitalization of urban areas and regions that have declined in terms of social and cultural life as well as economic aspects. The initial method used is the identification of buildings through mapping and documentation of buildings suspected of being cultural heritage sites. The results of this stage are the identification and study of old buildings that can later be designated as cultural heritage sites for the early colonial era in Cirebon. The results of this community service can be used as a basis for establishing a cultural heritage area and next year's activities in the form of developing a concept for the architectural revitalization of Cirebon's early colonial old town to support city tourism. Keywords: Kebumen Square, identification, cultural-heritage, colonial, mapping.