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All Journal Ahlussunnah: Journal of Islamic Education
Zulhandra, Zulhandra
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Traditionalism and Modernism in Indonesian Islam: Dynamics of Muslim Identity Construction Ardianto, Firdaus; M, Mukhlis; Zulhandra, Zulhandra; Lahmi, Ahmad
Ahlussunnah: Journal of Islamic Education Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): December
Publisher : STIT Ahlussunnah Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58485/jie.v4i3.510

Abstract

This study examines the construction of Muslim identity in Indonesian Islam by analyzing the historical and socioreligious dynamics between traditionalist and modernist Islamic orientations. The research employs a qualitative method with content analysis, drawing on classical and contemporary scholarly works, historical documents, and religious discourses related to Islamic movements in Indonesia. Data were analyzed through thematic and discourse analysis to identify patterns of religious authority, interpretation, and social practice. The findings indicate that traditionalist Islam in Indonesia is characterized by strong adherence to local traditions, Sufistic practices, Shafi‘i jurisprudence, and reliance on religious authority figures, particularly within rural communities. In contrast, modernist Islam emphasizes rational interpretation, scriptural purification (tajdid), rejection of blind taqlid, and the integration of Islamic values with modern education, social institutions, and organizational activism, as represented by movements such as Muhammadiyah, Persis, and Al-Irsyad. These orientations produce distinct yet interacting forms of Muslim identity shaped by historical experiences of colonialism, modernization, and global Islamic reformism. This study implies that the coexistence and contestation between traditionalist and modernist Islam constitute a foundational element of Indonesian Muslim identity. Understanding this dynamic contributes to the discourse on religious moderation, social transformation, and the sociology of Islam in plural societies.
Muhammadiyah’s Contributions to Education, Social, Cultural, and Political Development: The Perspective of the Nusantara-Middle Eastern Ulama Network M, Mukhlis; Zulhandra, Zulhandra; Ardianto, Firdaus; Julhadi, Julhadi
Ahlussunnah: Journal of Islamic Education Vol. 4 No. 3 (2025): December
Publisher : STIT Ahlussunnah Bukittinggi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58485/jie.v4i3.514

Abstract

This study analyzes Muhammadiyah’s contributions to educational, social, cultural, and political development in Indonesia through the lens of the Nusantara–Middle Eastern ulama network. Using a qualitative historical-analytical approach, the research examines the intellectual trajectories and transregional scholarly connections of three influential Indonesian Muslim figures: Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah (Buya Hamka), Wahid Hasyim, and Abdurrahman Wahid (Gus Dur). The findings reveal that sustained engagement with Middle Eastern centers of Islamic learning such as Mecca, Medina, Cairo, and Baghdad played a significant role in shaping diverse Islamic orientations in Indonesia, ranging from reformist Muhammadiyah thought to traditionalist and neo-modernist perspectives within Nahdlatul Ulama. Buya Hamka’s modernist outlook contributed to educational reform and socio-cultural transformation through Muhammadiyah. Wahid Hasyim advanced the modernization of pesantren education and strengthened Islamic educational institutions at the state level. Abdurrahman Wahid developed a progressive and pluralistic Islamic vision that reinforced the role of ulama in Indonesia’s socio-political landscape. This study demonstrates that the Nusantara–Middle Eastern ulama network served as a vital conduit for intellectual transmission, enabling Muhammadiyah and related Islamic movements to contribute dynamically to Indonesia’s religious, social, and political development.
Co-Authors Ardianto, Firdaus Julhadi, Julhadi Lahmi, Ahmad M, Mukhlis