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All Journal Jurnal Restorasi: Hukum dan Politik
Dominic Aondona Iornumbe
Institute of Governance and Development Studies, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice

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Transborder Crisis and Security Implications for West African Sub-Region Dominic Aondona Iornumbe; Tanko Shawulu Paul; Sani Inusa Milala
Jurnal Restorasi : Hukum dan Politik Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Restorasi : Hukum dan Politik, April 2025
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The transborder crisis in West Africa has had far-reaching implications for the region’s security. According to a report by the United Nations, the region is facing “unprecedented levels of security and humanitarian challenges”. The crisis has been fueled by the activities of non-state actors such as violent extremists, criminal networks, and armed groups. These groups have forced the closure of thousands of schools and health centers, leaving millions of children without access to education and healthcare. The situation has been further compounded by the impact of climate change and food insecurity, which has led to socio-political instability in the region. Countries along the coast of the Gulf of Guinea have also seen an increase in attacks against their territories, threatening transport routes to landlocked nations further north. Despite these challenges, West Africa and the Sahel still present immense opportunities. The United Nations Office for West Africa and the Sahel (UNOWAS) has urged ambassadors to continue supporting a strategy centered on building resilience, promoting good governance, and strengthening peace and security. UNOWAS has also been working with other UN entities to contribute to conflict resolution at both regional and local levels. The research used secondary data. Collective security theory was adopted. The research recommends cooperation among members states to overcome challenges of transborder security.
Effects of Farmers or Herders Conflict on Food Security in Benue State Dominic Aondona Iornumbe
Jurnal Restorasi : Hukum dan Politik Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Restorasi : Hukum dan Politik, April 2025
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Increase in herds number, due to improved conditions of the cattle, compels the pastoralists to look for more pastures to feed the cattle. Also, improvements in human health due to better health services, increase human population who depend on food crops for survival. These imply that both the farmers and the pastoralists engage in fierce struggles for access to available arable land for cultivation and grazing that lead to conflicts. The intensity and variations of the conflicts depend on the nature and type of the user groups where the herdsmen graze their cattle. Many times, attempts by farmers to prevent them from causing havoc are met with stiff and violent resistance. Most times, the farmers are overpowered, injured, killed while others are evicted from their homes. Sometimes, the herdsmen are accused of taking the opportunities to steal, raze houses, rape women and other innocent citizens are killed. The conflicts constitute serious threats to means of livelihood, food production, lives, property and development. The Fulani constitute the major owners and breeders of cattle that provide the main source of animal proteins and meat in Nigeria. The Fulani own over 90% of the nation's livestock population. The herdsmen and farmers crisis in Nigeria has gained significant attention due to its socio-economic and political implications. Scholars have extensively studied the conflict, offering diverse perspectives on its causes and consequences. For instance) argue that the crisis stems from competition for scarce resources such as land and water. The research adopted research needs theory. Secondary data were used.
The Economic Implication of Boko Haram Insurgency in The North East Nigeria Dominic Aondona Iornumbe; Tanko Shawulu Paul
Jurnal Restorasi : Hukum dan Politik Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Restorasi : Hukum dan Politik, April 2025
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Boko Haram is loosely modelled on the Taliban movement in Afghanistan; one of the groups’ primary bases in Kanama in Yobe state was named Afghanistan before its destruction. The group has also issued statements expressing solidarity with al-Qaeda and has threatened the United States. Although, a direct connection between ‘Boko Haram’ and the Taliban or al-Qaeda is not discern-able, like its extremist counterparts, ‘Boko Haram’s ideology is based on hostility towards democracy and western anti-Islamic education. Nigeria’s constitution guarantees freedom of religion and the country has a population that is split roughly in half between a Muslim and Christian South. Book Haram has repeatedly stated that it seeks the imposition of a strict Sharia law system throughout Nigeria; currently, nine northern states adhere to Sharia law, with an additional three only marginally implementing it. According to various statements, ‘Boko Haram’ also seeks the abolishment of western-style education, which it states is contrary to the teachings of Islam and its cause. Not much is known about the organizational structure of ‘Boko Haram’. The groups’ founder and former leader, Mohammed Yusuf, was thought to have been highly educated and wealthy. Although, Mohammed Yusuf was killed by security forces in 2009, his deputy, Abubakar Shehu who was initially thought to also have been killed, appeared on a video in 2010 and claimed leadership of the group. Shehu furthermore, threatened fresh attacks against the western influenced Nigerian government. cognitive dissonance theory was adopted. Secondary data were utilized.
Assessment of Human Security Challenges on Internally Displaced Persons In Benue State Tanko Shawulu Paul; Dominic Aondona Iornumbe
Jurnal Restorasi : Hukum dan Politik Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Restorasi : Hukum dan Politik, April 2025
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The statistics on Nigeria’s state of insecurity is alarmingly very worrisome but the pattern and mode of the challenges are clearly known banditry, terrorism, subversion, internal rebellion, economic sabotage, cybercrimes, and prevailing kidnappings aided by mass abductions. Armed robbery now appears to have taken the very back seat. In the first half of 2021 alone, an average of 13 persons were kidnapped daily bringing a record estimate of 2,944 persons kidnapped. The data is a negative increment of insecurity. More Nigerians were kidnapped in the first six months of 2021 than the whole of 2020 which saw 2,860 kidnappings in all. 618 schools have been closed in the whole of the Northern region as cases of mass abductions continued unabated and increased from 25 in the whole of 2020 to 31 in the first half of 2021. In July 2021, a project of the Council of Foreign Relations Africa Program; the Nigeria Security Tracker (NST), revealed that 5,800 innocent Nigerians were killed by kidnappers. If we add the number of deaths from our heroes and men in uniform and those at the front lines at the north central, South East and North East, the figures of Nigerian deaths would certainly be much higher. The research adopted human needs theory as propounded by Abraham Maslow. Both primary and Secondary data were used.
Relevance of Criminal Profiling in Criminal Justice System in Benue State Nigeria Tanko Shawulu Paul; Dominic Aondona Iornumbe
Jurnal Restorasi : Hukum dan Politik Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Restorasi : Hukum dan Politik, April 2025
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Since its inception, criminal profiling has evolved significantly, incorporating advancements in forensic science, psychology, and technology. Modern criminal profiling techniques involve a multidisciplinary approach, drawing upon various fields such as forensic psychology, geographic profiling, and crime scene reconstruction. Geographic profiling, for instance, utilizes spatial analysis and mapping techniques to identify potential areas where an offender may reside or operate, based on the locations of committed crimes). In Nigeria, the use of criminal profiling techniques has been gradually gaining traction, although its application remains limited in many regions). Benue, the capital city of Benue State, has witnessed a surge in criminal activities, including armed robbery, kidnapping, and violent crimes. These incidents have highlighted the need for more effective investigative methods, such as criminal profiling, to aid law enforcement agencies in identifying and apprehending offenders. Several factors contribute to the challenges faced in implementing criminal profiling in Benue state and other parts of Nigeria. Limited resources, inadequate training, and a lack of standardized procedures have hindered the widespread adoption of these techniques. Additionally, cultural and societal factors may influence the perception and acceptance of criminal profiling techniques, as some communities may view them as foreign or incompatible with traditional methods of investigation. Routine activity theory was adopted. Secondary data was used.
Security Strategies and The Management of Armed Conflict in Benue State Dominic Aondona Iornumbe; Liman Abdullahi Nuhu; Andrew Zamani
Jurnal Restorasi : Hukum dan Politik Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Restorasi : Hukum dan Politik, April 2025
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Armed conflicts happen to be one of the major challenges that have threatened the security and unity of the North-Central Nigeria especially in Benue State. The state has been rocked by attacks emaciating from the conflict, which has been seen as a new wave of violence which primarily stems from disputes over grazing areas for cattle. The necessity to provide food of crops and animal origin, as well as raw materials for industry and export in order to meet ever-growing demands, has led to extensive use of land. The conflict has demonstrated high potential to exacerbate the insecurity and food crisis particularly in rural communities where most of the conflicts are localized, with reverberating repercussions nationwide. As a result, this paper examined the use of dialogue and infrastructural development to resolve the farmers/herders’ conflict in Benue State from 2008 – 2024. The paper adopted the Frustration Aggression Theory to ascertain and justify the reasons for the conflict. A simple proportional percentage was used to distribute the total questionnaires for each of the local governments where 399 respondents were targeted to participate in the research but data were collected from 386 respondents. Findings from the research reveals that the land is a pivotal point in the conflict as the farmers use the land for cultivation, the herders equally use it for grazing. It was also discovered that the leaders rejected the concept of separating the farming area from the grazing area, an idea which could have reduced direct collision between farmers and herders. The paper thus recommended that the government should be more proactive in the enactment of appropriate policies, dialogue and infrastructural development for resolving herders and farmer’s conflict in Benue State.
Co-Authors Andrew Zamani Liman Abdullahi Nuhu Sani Inusa Milala Tanko Shawulu Paul