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All Journal Integrated Science Education Journal International Journal of Health, Engineering and Technology Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences. Journal of Innovative and Creativity Journal of Natural Products and Drug Development
Elpa Giovana Zola
Universitas Adiwangsa Jambi
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Dentistry Education Engineering Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Social Sciences Veterinary Other

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Review: Tipe Salep, Basis Dan Metode Pembuatan Salep Elpa Giovana Zola; Milla Astari; Lilik Hevi Novisa; Tata Anggraini; Tiara Nabila Putri
Journal of Innovative and Creativity Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Pahlawan Tuanku Tambusai

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/joecy.v6i1.8122

Abstract

Ointments are semisolid topical preparations designed to prolong drug contact time on the skin surface and provide protective effects against irritation, infection, and wounds. The effectiveness of an ointment is strongly influenced by the selection of an appropriate base and formulation method. This review aims to analyze various types of ointment bases, formulation techniques, and active substances used in recent studies. A total of 40 published journals were examined using keywords such as “ointment formulation,” “ointment base,” and “ointment preparation methods.” The findings show that hydrocarbon bases are the most widely used due to their stability and strong occlusive properties. Absorption bases and water-soluble bases are also commonly applied depending on the physicochemical characteristics of the active ingredient and therapeutic goals. The most frequently used preparation methods are incorporation and fusion, selected based on the heat sensitivity of the active substances. Most active ingredients reviewed were herbal extracts containing antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound-healing properties. Overall, the compatibility between the ointment base, characteristics of the active compound, and the selected formulation method plays a crucial role in achieving stable, homogeneous, and effective preparations. This review highlights the high potential of natural-based ointments as safe and effective topical formulations. Keywords: Ointment, ointment base, ointment preparation method, ointment formulation, topical preparation, herbal extract.
Review Article: Methods Of Preparation And Ointment Bases Used In Ointment Preparations Ayu Mahdiati; Hasanah Alifah Marsya; Marvina; Nabila Okdania; Elpa Giovana Zola
International Journal of Health Engineering and Technology Vol. 4 No. 6 (2026): IJHET MARCH 2026
Publisher : CV. AFDIFAL MAJU BERKAH

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55227/ijhet.v4i6.584

Abstract

Ointments, semi-solid topical preparations, are increasingly being developed with natural ingredients for wound healing and antibacterial effects amidst the challenges of antibiotic resistance in Indonesia. This study reviews herbal ointment formulations based on extraction techniques, manufacturing methods, bases, physical quality, and biological effectiveness. Using a descriptive qualitative literature study with narrative synthesis from national journals (2020-2025). The population was all related articles; a purposive sample of 40 articles based on completeness and quality. Instruments were scientific documents; thematic and descriptive clustering analysis. The results showed that ethanol extraction produced flavonoids and tannins; the melting/trituration method with a hydrocarbon/PEG base met standards (pH 4.5-7, spreadability 5-7 cm, adhesiveness >4 seconds), with antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion, herbal ointments have the potential to be safe phytopharmaceuticals, requiring clinical validation.
Formulasi Tablet Effervescent Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) sebagai Pemenuhan Nutrisi untuk Pencegahan Stunting Elpa Giovana Zola; Eka Syafitri; Rahmadevi Rahmadevi; Dea Ayu Agustina
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 1 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i1.1239

Abstract

Stunting remains a significant nutritional problem in Indonesia, requiring practical and acceptable nutritional interventions. Moringa oleifera L. leaves are known to contain essential minerals such as zinc, iron, and iodine, which play an important role in supporting optimal growth. This study aimed to formulate effervescent tablets of Moringa leaf extract and evaluate their physical quality as an alternative nutritional supplement for stunting prevention. Moringa leaf extract was obtained through maceration and formulated into four effervescent tablet formulas with varying extract concentrations. The evaluations included granule flow properties, angle of repose, pH, size uniformity, weight uniformity, dispersion time, FTIR analysis, and hedonic testing. The results showed that all formulas met the physical quality requirements of effervescent tablets. The granules exhibited good flow characteristics with an angle of repose below 40°, while the tablet pH values ranged from 4,4 -5,8, indicating suitability for oral administration. All formulas complied with the standards for size and weight uniformity, and the dispersion time ranged from 1 to 2 minutes. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of hydroxyl, carbonyl, nitroso, and benzene functional groups associated with flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, which contribute beneficial mineral content. Based on physical and organoleptic evaluations, Formula 2 showed the best combination of extract content and granule flow properties, while Formula 1 was the most preferred in terms of taste.
Characteristics, Stability, and Permeation of Yellow Pumpkin Seed Cream (Cucurbita moschata) with Variations of Stearic Acid and Glyceryl Monostearate Sulistiyana Sulistiyana; Rayssa Zaahida; Peby Febriyanti; Rahmadevi Rahmadevi; Elpa Giovana Zola
Integrated Science Education Journal Vol 7 No 5 (2026): September
Publisher : Cahaya Ilmu Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37251/isej.v7i5.3733

Abstract

Purpose of the study: This study aimed to formulate pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) seed powder cream with variations in stearic acid and glyceryl monostearate concentrations, evaluate its physical characteristics, stability, safety and irritation potential, skin-moisturizing effectiveness, and active-compound permeation, while providing foundational implications for stable and effective plant-based topical cosmetic formulations. Methodology: Pumpkin seed powder was formulated into cream with variations of stearic acid and glyceryl monostearate. The formulations were evaluated for organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity (Brookfield viscometer), skin moisture (CR-302 skin analyzer), active-compound permeation (PermeGear Franz diffusion cell), and stability (cycling test). Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25 with the Shapiro-Wilk test, Levene’s test, two-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni post hoc test. Main Findings: Pumpkin seed powder met the required quality standards based on moisture content, microbial quality, and particle size. All cream formulations were homogeneous, stable, non-irritating, and complied with physical-quality requirements. Formulations with higher emulsifier concentrations significantly improved skin moisture, oil balance, and skin softness (p< 0.05), while active-compound permeation increased progressively during diffusion. Novelty/Originality of this study: Previous studies focused on pumpkin seed extract or oil, whereas the direct incorporation of yellow pumpkin seed powder and the systematic evaluation of stearic acid and glyceryl monostearate variations on cream stability and skin permeation remained insufficiently explored. This study demonstrates the use of yellow pumpkin seed powder as a natural anti-aging ingredient by systematically comparing how emulsifier variations affect physicochemical characteristics, stability, skin-moisturizing performance, and in vitro skin permeation, providing comprehensive evidence for topical product development.
Antipyretic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Orthosiphon aristatus Leaves in Male Mice Induced with 5% Peptone Chindiana Khutami; Elpa Giovana Zola; Suci Wulandari
Journal of Natural Products and Drug Development Vol. 2 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Natural Products and drug Development
Publisher : CV Media Inti Teknologi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58723/jnpdd.v2i2.166

Abstract

Background: Paracetamol, a first-line antipyretic, has limitations including a risk of hepatotoxicity at high doses and variations in effectiveness among products, making the exploration of natural antipyretic agents important. Orthosiphon aristatus leaves contain flavonoids, saponins, and tannins that may inhibit prostaglandin biosynthesis.Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the ability of an ethanolic extract of Orthosiphon aristatus leaves to reduce fever in male mice induced with 5% peptone.Methods: This laboratory experimental study used a completely randomized design involving 30 male white mice divided into five groups: negative control (0.5% Na-CMC), positive control (paracetamol 1.3 mg/20 g body weight), and ethanolic extract groups at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight. Fever was induced by subcutaneous administration of 5% peptone. Rectal temperature was measured at baseline (Tbaseline), 1 hour after induction (T0), and at 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 minutes after treatment (T30–T150).Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by the LSD post hoc test.Result: Phytochemical screening showed that the extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, with an extract yield of 11.02%. From 90 to 150 minutes, none of the three extract doses differed significantly from paracetamol (p > 0.05), whereas all differed highly significantly from the negative control (p < 0.001). The 100 mg/kg dose showed the fastest onset of action (41.07% at 30 minutes), while the 200 mg/kg dose produced the most stable effect.  Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Orthosiphon aristatus leaves exhibited antipyretic activity comparable to paracetamol. The 100 mg/kg body weight dose was identified as the lowest effective dose, showing the fastest onset of action and efficacy comparable to higher doses during the stable phase (T90–T150).
Co-Authors Ayu Mahdiati Chindiana Khutami Dea Ayu Agustina Eka Syafitri Hasanah Alifah Marsya Lilik Hevi Novisa Marvina Milla Astari Nabila Okdania Peby Febriyanti Rahmadevi Rahmadevi Rayssa Zaahida Suci Wulandari Sulistiyana Sulistiyana Tata Anggraini Tiara Nabila Putri