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All Journal Jurnal Engine: Energi, Manufaktur, dan Material Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge
Nikolaus Dharmawan Dharsono
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Humanities Control & Systems Engineering Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Health Professions Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Social Sciences

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PENERAPAN SISTEM KONTROL SUHU PID AUTOTUNING UNTUK OTOMATISASI PROSES EKSTRAKSI KAFEIN KONVENSIONAL DARI BIJI KOPI JAVA ROBUSTA Nikolaus Dharmawan Dharsono; Susanto Pausinugroho; Abdul Multi; Taswanda Taryo
Journal of Innovation Research and Knowledge Vol. 5 No. 9 (2026): Februari 2026
Publisher : Bajang Institute

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Abstract

Kopi Java Robusta merupakan salah satu komoditas potensial sebagai sumber kafein untuk aplikasi farmasi dan pangan. Namun, proses ekstraksi kafein sangat dipengaruhi oleh kestabilan suhu, sementara banyak sistem ekstraksi yang digunakan masih bersifat konvensional dan kurang akurat. Masalah utama yang dihadapi adalah ketidakmampuan sistem pemanas menjaga suhu pada setpoint sehingga menurunkan efisiensi ekstraksi. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, penelitian ini menerapkan sistem kontrol suhu berbasis PID autotuning pada alat ekstraksi kafein dengan variasi rasio kopi: pelarut (1:10 dan 1:15) serta suhu ekstraksi 60°C dan 70°C. Sistem kontrol dievaluasi dari kemampuan mencapai suhu target dan stabilitas selama proses ekstraksi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa rasio 1:10 mampu mencapai setpoint pada suhu 60°C dan 70°C, meskipun terjadi overshoot sebesar 7°C pada 60°C dan 4°C pada 70°C, sedangkan rasio 1:15 tidak mampu mencapai suhu target karena keterbatasan daya pemanas. Kadar kafein tertinggi diperoleh pada kondisi 70°C dengan rasio 1:10 sebesar 2,4%. Analisis faktorial menunjukkan bahwa rasio kopi: pelarut dan suhu merupakan faktor utama yang mempengaruhi jumlah kafein terekstrak, sementara interaksi antar variabel tidak signifikan. Secara keseluruhan sistem kontrol suhu yang diterapkan menunjukkan kemampuan untuk mendukung proses ekstraksi secara otomatis, proses kontrol suhu masih memerlukan finetuning agar kontrol suhu lebih stabil
Penerapan Kontrol Suhu PID pada Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Minyak Jarak (Ricinus Communis) dengan Katalis Koh (0,75%, 1% W/W) dan ZNO (0,7%, 0,8% W/W) Nikolaus Dharmawan Dharsono; Rifki Hermana; Slamet Supriyadi
Jurnal Engine: Energi, Manufaktur, dan Material Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Proklamasi 45

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30588/jeemm.v10i1.2626

Abstract

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel derived from renewable sources, one of which is castor oil. In previous studies, the biodiesel production process at the laboratory scale was still carried out using manual heating with an electric stove. In addition, earlier research generally used only single type of catalyst, either KOH or ZnO. To overcome the limitations of manual temperature control, this study applies  temperature control system using  PID autotuning autonics controller to automate temperature reaction. This research apply  further modification by combining KOH  (0.75% w/w and 1% w/w) with ZnO  (0.7% w/w and 0.8% w/w) in the production of biodiesel from castor oil. The research aims to optimize biodiesel yield through the application of a PID-based temperature control system in the transesterification reaction using various catalyst combinations. The resulting biodiesel (B30) from the transesterification process is then tested directly on a diesel engine . The temperature control results using the autonics controller produced PID parameters of P = 4.3, I = 208 s, and D = 36 s. The temperature control system response shows  overshoot of 61 °C, rise time of 16 minutes,  settling time of 24 minutes, and  steady-state error of 0.6 °C. The PID temperature control can replaced manual control by providing a more stable temperature and eliminating reliance on manual adjustments. The highest biodiesel yield was obtained using a combination of 1% w/w KOH and 0.7% w/w ZnO catalysts reaching 91.25%. Interaction between KOH and ZnO tended to reduce yield, indicating that KOH is less suitable when used directly together with ZnO. The biodiesel consumption from the reaction is 270 ml/hour which is lower than that of biosolar at 300 ml/hour.
Co-Authors Abdul Multi Rifki Hermana Slamet Supriyadi Susanto Pausinugroho Taswanda Taryo