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All Journal Acta Chimica Asiana Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
Teguh Wirawan
Department of chemistry, Universitas Mulawarman, Kampus Gunung Kelua, Samarinda, 75119, East Kalimantan
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

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SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI KOMPOSIT Fe3O4-ARANG AKTIF KULIT BUAH IHAU (Dimocarpus Longan var. malesianus Leenh.) SEBAGAI ADSORBEN METHYLENE BLUE Azizah Fithri Ananda; Teguh Wirawan; Nanang Tri Widodo
Acta Chimica Asiana Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : The Indonesian Chemical Society, Chapter Nusa Tenggara and The University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/aca.v8i2.253

Abstract

Research has been conducted on the synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4-active charcoal composite of ihau fruit peel (MAACI) as a methylene blue dye adsorbent. This research aimed to produce activated charcoal from ihau fruit peel (AACI) composited with magnetite (Fe3O4). AACI was prepared by carbonating Ihau fruit peel in a furnace at 425C for 1 hour and chemically activated by immersion in an HCl solution for 24 hours. The synthesis of MAACI was carried out using the coprecipitation method with FeCl3 • 6H2O and FeSO4 • 7H2O in a 3:2 ratio, followed by compounding with AACI. The MAACI was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The characterization results showed that the FTIR spectrum exhibits an absorption peak at a wavenumber of 586.36 cm-1, indicating the presence of the Fe-O group. SEM analysis revealed that the MMACI has denser pores and a coarser texture compared to activated charcoal. Meanwhile, XRD results showed a diffraction pattern that matches the characterization of magnetite (Fe3O4). The adsorption of methylene blue by MAACI yielded optimum results at a pH of 9 with a contact time of 45 minutes. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained was 8.7014 mg/g, and the adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model. This adsorption takes place spontaneously, is endothermic and occurs physically.
Catalytic Performance of Environmentally Friendly Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate-supported Metals (Ti, Fe, Cu or Ag) for Oxidation Styrene to Benzaldehyde Agung Rahmadani; Mukhamad Nurhadi; Teguh Wirawan; Wirhanuddin Wirhanuddin; Nabila Nur Agusti; Sin Yuan Lai; Hadi Nur
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2026: BCREC Volume 21 Issue 1 Year 2026 (April 2026)
Publisher : Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.20508

Abstract

This paper presents the synthesis and characterization of calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH)-supported Metals (Ti, Fe, Cu or Ag) catalysts and their application in the styrene oxidation to benzaldehyde using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidant. The study explores the catalyst's structure-activity relationship, emphasizing the importance of mesoporous materials for enhanced catalytic performance. The CSH-Metals catalysts were synthesized using fish bone-derived CSH as a support, which aligns with green chemistry principles. Characterization techniques, such as FTIR, XRD, SEM, and BET surface area analysis, confirmed the successful impregnation of Metals (Ti, Fe, Cu or Ag) and its catalytic performance. The catalysts exhibited styrene conversion and high selectivity for benzaldehyde, achieving up to 49.5% and 60.2% for CSH-Ti; 12.9% and 84.1% for CSH-Fe, 19.9% and 61.5% for CSH-Cu, and 13.4% and 92.8% for CSH-Ag. The research highlights that the best catalyst’s performance are CSH-Ti for styrene conversion and CSH-Ag for benzaldehyde selectivity. To support performance interpretation, a fuzzy logic analysis was applied to evaluate the influence of seven key parameters on catalytic behavior. The results revealed that ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) formation activity, type of metal, and metal–intermediate interaction were the most dominant factors affecting performance. This data-driven insight reinforces the chemical reactivity as the primary determinant of catalyst effectiveness, above physical attributes such as surface area or pore structure. Overall, this study introduces a cost-effective, sustainable, and selective catalyst system for styrene oxidation, demonstrating high potential for industrial application in the production of value-added chemicals with minimal environmental impact. Copyright © 2026 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Co-Authors Agung Rahmadani Azizah Fithri Ananda Hadi Nur Mukhamad Nurhadi, Mukhamad Nabila Nur Agusti Nanang Tri Widodo Sin Yuan Lai Wirhanuddin Wirhanuddin