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All Journal PREPOTIF : Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Jurnal Mata Optik
Riono, YV Agung
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ANALISIS BIAYA PELAYANAN REFRAKSI DI FASILITAS KESEHATAN TINGKAT PERTAMA SESUAI UNDANG – UNDANG KESEHATAN NO 17 TAHUN 2023 Pamungkas, Nova Joko; Riono, YV Agung; Ariyani , Martina; Ginting, James Davidtra
PREPOTIF : JURNAL KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT Vol. 10 No. 1 (2026): APRIL 2026
Publisher : Universitas Pahlawan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31004/prepotif.v10i1.55974

Abstract

Kelainan refraksi merupakan salah satu penyebab utama gangguan penglihatan di seluruh dunia dan dapat menimbulkan dampak sosial serta ekonomi yang signifikan apabila tidak dikoreksi dengan baik. Di Indonesia, layanan pemeriksaan refraksi tersedia di fasilitas kesehatan primer maupun rumah sakit sebagai bagian dari pelayanan kesehatan mata dasar. Namun, biaya aktual layanan tersebut sering kali melebihi tarif penggantian yang ditetapkan dalam sistem Kelompok Berbasis Kasus Indonesia (INA-CBG), sehingga menimbulkan kekhawatiran terkait efisiensi, aksesibilitas, serta keberlanjutan pembiayaan layanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis komponen biaya layanan refraksi, menghitung total pengeluaran per pasien, serta membandingkannya dengan tarif INA-CBG yang berlaku. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif kuantitatif dengan memanfaatkan data primer dan sekunder. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan optometris, dokter spesialis mata, serta staf administrasi, dan melalui observasi langsung terhadap proses pelayanan. Data sekunder diperoleh dari laporan keuangan fasilitas kesehatan, dokumen tarif resmi INA-CBG, serta literatur akademis yang relevan. Komponen biaya yang dianalisis meliputi anamnesis, pemeriksaan refraksi objektif dan subjektif, pemeriksaan tambahan seperti tonometri, penulisan resep, pembuatan kacamata, dan pemberian kacamata kepada pasien. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata total biaya layanan refraksi komprehensif berkisar antara Rp475.000 hingga Rp725.000 per pasien, jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan tarif INA-CBG yang hanya berkisar Rp25.000–Rp50.000 di layanan kesehatan primer dan Rp75.000–Rp150.000 di rumah sakit. Perbedaan ini menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan pembiayaan yang signifikan dan menegaskan perlunya penyesuaian kebijakan agar tarif INA-CBG lebih selaras dengan biaya layanan aktual.
ANALISIS YURIDIS TERHADAP PENERAPAN SANKSI BAGI OPTIK YANG TIDAK MEMPEKERJAKAN REFRAKSIONIS OPTISIEN TERSERTIFIKASI BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG KESEHATAN Riono, YV Agung; Tuanaya, Halimah Humayrah; Simarmata, Murni
Jurnal Mata Optik Vol. 6 No. 3 (2025): JURNAL MATA OPTIK
Publisher : Akademi Refraksi Optisi dan Optometry Gapopin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54363/jmo.v6i3.290

Abstract

The mandate for optical facilities to employ certified Refraksionist Optisien (RO) or Optometrists is a critical component of Indonesia's health quality assurance system, as reinforced by Health Law Number 17 of 2023. Non-compliance poses significant risks to patient safety and the integrity of eye care services. This study aims to analyze the legal sanctions imposed on optical facilities that fail to employ certified ROs, utilizing the IRAC (Issue, Rule, Application, Conclusion) method for legal analysis. The analysis is based on a comprehensive review of primary legal sources: Law No. 17 of 2023, Government Regulation No. 28 of 2024, the Minister of Health Regulation No. 19 of 2013 on Optical Practice, and other relevant derivative regulations. The discussion reveals a structured, multi-tiered sanction system grounded in legal theories of compliance and regulatory enforcement. Administrative sanctions range from written warnings and temporary operational suspension to license revocation and substantial administrative fines. Criminal sanctions, including imprisonment and larger fines, are applicable, particularly if the violation results in harm to a patient's health. The study concludes that the legal framework is sufficiently robust from a theoretical perspective. However, its effectiveness hinges on consistent supervision by local health departments and digital integration of professional certification databases. Ensuring compliance is not merely a legal formality but a fundamental ethical obligation to protect public health and align with global standards for quality eye care.
ANALISIS YURIDIS NORMATIF: KEWENANGAN PENERBITAN RESEP KACAMATA DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP KLAIM ASURANSI KESEHATAN DI INDONESIA Riono, YV Agung; Ginting , James Davidta; Simarmata, Murni; Efendi , Zakaria
Jurnal Mata Optik Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): JURNAL MATA OPTIK
Publisher : Akademi Refraksi Optisi dan Optometry Gapopin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54363/jmo.v7i1.302

Abstract

Regulatory Reform in Health through Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health has introduced a paradigmatic shift in the governance of health professionals in Indonesia. One of the fundamental changes worth noting is the clear demarcation between medical practitioners (physicians and dentists) and other health professionals, alongside the strengthening of optometrists’ professional authority within the domain of medical technical expertise. This study aims to analyze the scope of optometrists’ authority in issuing eyeglass prescriptions following the enactment of the 2023 Health Law and to examine its compatibility with health insurance claim requirements, particularly under BPJS Kesehatan. Employing a normative juridical research method with statutory and conceptual approaches, this study finds a dissonance between the health law regime, which grants professional autonomy to optometrists, and the social security law regime, which continues to require prescriptions from ophthalmologists. The study recommends regulatory harmonization across sectors and the reinforcement of the role of the Indonesian Health Professionals Council in ensuring the quality of optometric services.
ANALISIS YURIDIS EMPIRIS OPTOMETRY DISPUTES DAN MALPRAKTIK OPTOMETRI DI INDONESIA Riono, YV Agung; Simarmata, Murni Marlina; Efendi , Zakaria; Doringin , Ferry
Jurnal Mata Optik Vol. 7 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Mata Optik
Publisher : Akademi Refraksi Optisi dan Optometry Gapopin

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.54363/9z208w14

Abstract

This research conducts a normative and empirical legal analysis of optometry disputes and malpractice in Indonesia, framed through the IRAC method (Issue, Rule, Application, Conclusion) and contrasted with global practices. The Issue is whether optometrists, as formally recognized health professionals under Health Law No. 17 of 2023, may incur criminal liability for malpractice, and how such liability differs from civil optometry disputes. The Rule derives from Indonesian statutes, Health Law 2023, Consumer Protection Law 1999, KUHP 2025, and KUHAP 2026, which establish criminal sanctions for negligence causing serious injury or death, while consumer law governs disputes over service quality. The Application reveals that most Indonesian cases are optometry disputes, involving refractive errors that rarely result in blindness or death, and are resolved through civil remedies under consumer protection. Malpractice liability arises only when negligence leads to severe outcomes, requiring expert testimony and prior review by the Professional Discipline Council of Health (Majelis Disiplin Profesi Kesehatan). In comparative perspective, jurisdictions such as the United States and the United Kingdom emphasize civil liability and professional disciplinary mechanisms, reserving criminal sanctions for egregious negligence. Indonesia’s dualistic framework, criminal liability for malpractice and civil remedies for disputes, which reflects both global trends and local statutory innovations. The Conclusion underscores the strategic role of professional organizations (IROPIN) and business associations (GAPOPIN) in prevention through standard-setting, advocacy, and mediation. Strengthening these mechanisms is essential to harmonize Indonesian practice with international norms, ensuring accountability, consumer protection, and professional integrity.
Co-Authors Ariyani , Martina Doringin , Ferry Efendi , Zakaria Ginting , James Davidta Ginting, James Davidtra Pamungkas, Nova Joko Simarmata, Murni Simarmata, Murni Marlina Tuanaya, Halimah Humayrah