Hanifah Irnawati
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia

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Governance of Community Learning Centers in Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review Dadang Yunus Lutfiansyah Dadang; Hanifah Irnawati; Yanti Shantini; Ihat Hatimah; Aqeel Khan
Journal of Nonformal Education Vol. 12 No. 1 (2026): Community empowerment and Adult education
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jone.v12i1.41504

Abstract

Background - Community Learning Centers (PKBM) serve as critical non-formal education institutions in Indonesia, yet governance challenges persist across leadership, collaboration, accountability, policy alignment, and digital dimensions. Research Urgency - Despite growing research on PKBM, a comprehensive synthesis focusing specifically on governance dimensions remains limited. Post-pandemic digital transformation introduces new governance dynamics requiring systematic analysis. Research Objectives - This study aims to: (1) systematically review literature on PKBM governance in Indonesia; (2) identify key governance dimensions influencing implementation; (3) develop an integrated multi-level governance framework; (4) identify critical challenges; and (5) provide evidence-based recommendations. Research Method - Following the PRISMA framework, 18 studies from Google Scholar, Scopus, and ERIC (2022–2026) were analyzed using a multi-level governance theory. Thematic analysis employed an integrated deductive-inductive approach. Research Findings - Results reveal five key governance dimensions: transformational leadership capacity, multi-stakeholder collaboration, accountability mechanisms, policy alignment, and digital governance. Cross-study synthesis identifies three structural contradictions: the standardization-flexibility paradox, the accountability pluralism dilemma, and the digital equity tension. Research Conclusion - Governance plays a decisive role in shaping PKBM effectiveness, quality, and sustainability. The integrated multi-level framework illustrates complex interdependencies across micro, meso, and macro governance levels, advancing governance theory for community-based non-formal education in developing country contexts. Research Novelty/Contribution - This study provides the first comprehensive multi-level governance framework specifically tailored to community-based non-formal education in developing country contexts, synthesizing fragmented literature into a coherent theoretical model and offering evidence-based policy recommendations for strengthening inclusive lifelong learning ecosystems.
Black Soldier Fly Cultivation as Experiential Learning: A Mixed-Methods Study of Ecoliteracy and Circular Economy Education in an Indonesian Community Learning Center Iip Saripah; Wahid Erawan; Hanifah Irnawati; Dadang Yunus Lutfiansyah; Gumpanat Bariboon
Journal of Nonformal Education Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): Community Education, Adult Education and Community Empowerment
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jone.v12i2.50285

Abstract

Background – Organic waste management remains a major environmental challenge in Indonesia, requiring not only technological solutions but also educational approaches that promote environmental awareness and sustainable behavior. Black Soldier Fly (BSF) cultivation offers a practical approach that integrates organic waste management with environmental education and circular economy principles. Research Urgency – Despite growing interest in BSF cultivation for waste management, limited studies have explored its role as a learning medium for eco-literacy development and circular economy education, particularly in nonformal education settings. Research Objectives – This study aims to explore, through an exploratory mixed-methods case study, how BSF cultivation functioned as a learning strategy and experiential learning medium for eco-literacy development and circular economy education through the Maggotpreneur Program at PKBM Bhina Swakarya. Research Method – This study used an embedded mixed-methods case study design with a one-group pretest–posttest component, conducted over three weeks. Of 53 Package B and Package C learners initially assessed for experience and interest, 34 joined the training program, and the 14 who joined the BSF cultivation learning group (ages 14–45) and completed both pretest and posttest assessments formed the main analytic sample. Quantitative data (a 15-item knowledge test) were analyzed using paired-samples statistics and N-Gain scores; qualitative data from field observations and participant reflections were analyzed through iterative coding, categorization, and interpretation. Given the one-group design without a comparison group and the small sample, this study is exploratory in nature. Research Findings – Knowledge scores increased significantly from pretest to posttest, t(13) = 4.41, p < .001, with a mean N-Gain of 0.59 (moderate) and a large effect size (Cohen's d = 1.18), indicating a learning improvement in participants' understanding of organic waste management and circular economy concepts. Qualitative observations suggested increased environmental awareness and a shift in some participants' perceptions of organic waste, from viewing it as a disposal problem toward recognizing it as a resource with environmental and economic value. Research Conclusion – As an exploratory case study, this research provides preliminary evidence that BSF cultivation can serve as an experiential and contextual learning medium for promoting eco-literacy and circular economy education in nonformal education settings; confirmatory studies with comparison groups are needed to establish effectiveness. Research Novelty/Contribution – This study contributes by positioning BSF cultivation not only as an organic waste management practice but also as an experiential learning medium for eco-literacy development and circular economy education within a nonformal education context, specifically through the Maggotpreneur Program at a community learning center (PKBM) in Indonesia.  
Intergenerational Community Learning Management for Business Sustainability in Traditional Food MSMEs: A Case Study of the Kecimpring Enterprise Community in Indonesia Dadang Yunus Lutfiansyah; Didin Samsudin; Sodikin; Hanifah Irnawati; Cucu Sukmana; Aqeel Khan
Journal of Nonformal Education Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): Community Education, Adult Education and Community Empowerment
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jone.v12i2.53471

Abstract

Background – Traditional food MSMEs play an important role in preserving local heritage and supporting community livelihoods. However, many family-based enterprises face sustainability challenges due to weak succession and ineffective intergenerational knowledge transfer. Research Urgency – Existing studies generally examine knowledge transfer, succession, and business sustainability separately, providing limited understanding of how community learning supports business continuity across generations. Research Objectives – This study aims to develop an Intergenerational Community Learning Management (ICLM) Model that facilitates knowledge transfer and business sustainability in traditional food MSMEs. Research Method – A qualitative case study was conducted in the Kecimpring traditional snack enterprise community in Pagerwangi Village, West Bandung Regency, Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, documentation, and literature review involving five purposively selected participants. Data were analyzed using Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña’s interactive model and thematic analysis. Research Findings – Business sustainability is supported by environmental scanning, community capacity building, tacit and explicit knowledge transfer, mentoring, and succession learning. These processes occur through four stages: observation, apprenticeship, guided practice, and independent production. Knowledge transfer is bidirectional, with senior artisans transmitting craft expertise while successors contribute digital marketing knowledge. The proposed ICLM model integrates inputs, processes, outputs, and outcomes to support intergenerational business sustainability. Research Conclusion – Community learning is a strategic mechanism for sustaining traditional MSMEs through knowledge continuity and successor development. Research Novelty/Contribution – This study introduces the ICLM Model, extending nonformal education literature by integrating community learning, knowledge transfer, succession, and business sustainability within a unified framework.