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All Journal Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
Nur Khairi
Universitas Almarisah Madani
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Development and Evaluation of a Stable Topical Cream Formulated with Annona squamosa Seed Extract as a Natural Pediculosis Agent Nur Khairi; Lukman Muslimin; Fhahri Mubarak; Maulita Indrisari; Fajriansyah Fajriansyah
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1355-1363

Abstract

Head lice infestation (Pediculosis capitis) remains a global public health concern, exacerbated by growing resistance to conventional pediculicides such as permethrin and malathion. This study aimed to evaluate the pediculicidal activity and formulation stability of a topical cream containing Annona squamosa (sugar apple or srikaya) seed extract as a natural alternative for treating pediculosis. The ethanolic extract of A. squamosa seeds was obtained through maceration, producing a 10.005% yield. Pediculicidal assays were conducted using various extract concentrations (5%, 7.5%, and 10%), followed by formulation of oil-in-water creams with extract concentrations of 7.5%, 10%, and 12.5%. Physical stability tests included assessments of viscosity, pH, spreadability, adhesion, and homogeneity. Results showed a dose–response relationship, with lice mortality increasing from 60% at 5% extract to 87% at 10%. Extract. The formulated creams demonstrated high efficacy—86% to 96% mortality—comparable to 1% permethrin. All formulations maintained acceptable physicochemical properties (pH 4.8–5.5, viscosity within 27,000–47,000 cps) and remained stable after accelerated storage. These findings indicate that A. squamosa seed extract is a potent pediculicidal agent that can be effectively incorporated into a stable topical formulation. The study supports the potential of A. squamosa as a safe, sustainable, and plant-based alternative for managing pediculosis while addressing the challenge of chemical resistance.
Optimization of Carbopol 940 Concentration in Bidara Laut Leaf Extract Anti-Acne Gel Preparations: Physical Stability and Inhibitory Effectiveness Study Fhahri Mubarak; Nur Khairi; Dwi Tiva Widyanti S. Humolungo
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.1629-1640

Abstract

Acne vulgaris is a widespread skin condition associated with Propionibacterium acnes, and conventional antibiotics often lead to resistance and irritation, underscoring the need for safer, natural therapies. This research explored the antibacterial potential of Strychnos ligustrina (Bidara Laut) leaf extract and its formulation into a topical gel. Leaves collected from Bima, West Nusa Tenggara, were processed into ethanol extracts, which were then screened for phytochemicals, confirming the presence of tannins and phenolics. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using disc diffusion at concentrations of 15%, 20%, and 25%, with clindamycin as the positive control and DMSO as the negative control. Gel formulations containing Carbopol 940 at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% were prepared and evaluated for their physical properties, including organoleptic characteristics, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesion, and stability under accelerated storage conditions. The extract exhibited moderate inhibition of P. acnes, with the most substantial effect observed at a concentration of 25% (7.73 mm). Among the gel formulas, the 1.5% Carbopol gel (Formula 3) was the most stable and produced the largest inhibition zone (12.89 mm), although it was still lower than that of clindamycin (33.87 mm). Overall, the findings suggest that Bidara Laut extract can be formulated into a stable gel with measurable antibacterial activity, indicating its potential as a natural topical option for acne management. However, further refinement is needed to enhance its efficacy. 
Co-Authors Dwi Tiva Widyanti S. Humolungo Fajriansyah Fajriansyah Fhahri Mubarak Maulita Indrisari Muslimin, Lukman