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Organocatalysis: A Revolutionary Approach in Organic Synthesis Kabiru Bashir Ahmad; Emmanuel Kinsley Chinedu; Reuben Pambani; Ansar Bilyaminu Adam; Musa Yahaya Abubakar; Ruslan Shamsuddeen
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v1i1.3518

Abstract

Organocatalysis has emerged as a powerful tool in organic synthesis, enabling the efficient and selective formation of complex molecules. This review highlights the recent advances in organocatalysis, including the development of new catalysts, reactions, and applications. The advantages and limitations of organocatalysis are discussed, and its potential for scalability and sustainability is evaluated. The review also explores the mechanistic insights and future directions in this field, demonstrating the versatility and impact of organocatalysis in modern organic synthesis. This paradigm shift not only addresses the pressing environmental challenges but also paves the way for more innovative and economically viable synthetic strategies. As a result, organic synthesis is poised to play a crucial role in advancing pharmaceuticals, materials science, and agrochemicals, driving forward a more sustainable and resilient chemical industry.
The Impact of Water Quality on Human Nutrition: A Review of the Relationship between Water Intake and Nutrient Absorption Musa Yahaya Abubakar; Mohammed Haladu; Pambani Reuben; Twan Sale Mathew; Ansar Bilyaminu Adam; Ruslan Shamsuddeen
African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Multidisciplinary Journal of Sciences and Artificial Intelligence
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/amjsai.v1i1.3544

Abstract

Water quality is intrinsically linked to human health, and ensuring access to clean and safe water is a fundamental public health goal, Water is essential to human health as it assists with nutrient delivery and digestion. The chemical, physical, and microbiological qualities of water have a substantial impact on the gastrointestinal tract's ability to absorb nutrients. Heavy metals, insecticides, and microbial infections are examples of contaminants that can hinder digestive processes, resulting in nutrient shortages and absorption. Pure, high-grade water can improve the absorption of nutrients and the effectiveness of digestion. This review examines the connection between nutrient absorption and water quality, with a particular emphasis on the effects of water pollution on human health. According to the review, nutrient absorption is greatly impacted by water quality, particularly in groups that are more sensitive. It emphasizes how crucial it is to monitor and control water quality better in order to provide the best possible nutrition and health results. This review synthesizes current research to elucidate the mechanisms through which water quality impacts nutrient absorption and overall nutritional status. It also highlights the public health implications, particularly in areas with inadequate access to clean water, and suggests interventions to improve water quality and support optimal health outcomes. water quality has a significant impact on human nutrition by influencing nutrient absorption, overall health, and hydration. Contaminants in water can interfere with nutrient absorption and cause a range of health issues, ultimately affecting the availability of essential nutrients in the body. Therefore, addressing water quality issues is crucial for promoting optimal nutrition and improving human health. The findings underscore the importance of ensuring access to clean drinking water as a fundamental component of nutritional health and public well-being.
Heavy Metals Tolerant Bacteria Detection from Selected Scrap Metal Dump Site: A Review Haladu Mahmud Muhammad; Mukhtar Umar Nasir; Ansar Bilyaminu Adam; Ruslan Shamsuddeen
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3468

Abstract

This study aimed to detect heavy-tolerant bacteria from selected scrap metal dump sites. Heavy metals are the major setbacks to many forms of life and their presence in the ecosystem rapid increase of heavy metal contamination is due to anthropogenic activities, rampant scrap metal waste disposal, and other industrial wastes. Bacteria were found to be among the many microorganisms that can tolerate many heavy metals and can as well reduce their toxicity or even convert them to useful resources. This study aims to detect the heavy metal concentration and the bacterial species capable of tolerating the identified heavy metals from selected metal dump sites. The heavy metals content of the soil samples was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Standard methods of enrichment culture and colony count were used to isolate a total of 12 bacterial species. Using 16S rRNA gene sequence-based molecular systematics, the 12 isolates were identified and grouped into one genus (Bacillus). It was observed from the results that the heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, and Cr) concentrations found to be high above the WHO permissible limits (Copper-2.0, Zinc-3.0, Lead-0.4, Chromium-0.05, and Cadmium-0.03). Therefore, the bacterial isolates capable of surviving at such levels of heavy metals could have a potential application in the bioremediation and bioleaching of heavy metal contaminants.
Exploring the Chemical Properties and Mechanisms of Herbal Remedies in Moringa, and Ginger in Managing Chronic Diseases: Review Musa Yahaya Abubakar; Twan Sale Mathew; Ansar Bilyaminu Adam; Kabiru Bashir Ahmad; Hylalibiya Ataitiya; Aminu Ado Kaugama
African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Research
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajbmbr.v1i1.3472

Abstract

Herbal remedies have been used for centuries to treat various ailments. Natural products, derived from plants, animals, and microorganisms, have been used for centuries as a source of medicinal compounds in traditional and modern herbal remedies. Understanding the chemical properties and mechanisms of action of these remedies is crucial for their effective and safe application in managing chronic diseases. This review explores the effectiveness of herbal remedies in managing chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and autoimmune disorders. It emphasizes the need for a balanced approach combining herbal and conventional medicine, reducing healthcare costs and improving patient outcomes. The review includes 10 studies investigating the efficacy of herbal remedies in managing chronic diseases in Moringa and Ginger. Moringa, a valuable plant in traditional and modern medicine, has diverse therapeutic effects, making it beneficial for managing chronic diseases. Ginger, a powerful herbal remedy with bioactive compounds like gingerols, shogaols, zingerone, and paradols, is also considered a powerful natural treatment due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiemetic, and anticancer activities. Understanding the chemical properties and mechanisms of action of these remedies can help develop effective treatments for chronic diseases and enhance their integration into modern medicine.
The Devastating Impact of Heavy Metal Contamination on Plant Growth and Development: Unveiling Phytotoxicity and Exploring Remediation Strategies Hylalibiya Ataitiya; Kabiru Bashir Ahmad; Aminu Ado Kaugama; Shamsu Abdullahi Idris; Ansar Bilyaminu Adam; Musa Yahaya Abubakar; Twan Sale Mathew
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i1.3495

Abstract

Heavy metal contamination poses a significant threat to plant growth and development, leading to reduced crop yields, impaired ecosystem functioning, and potential human health risks. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the phytotoxic effects of heavy metals on plant species, highlighting the mechanisms of uptake, transport, and accumulation. We explore the devastating impacts on plant morphology, physiology, and biochemistry, including altered root architecture, reduced photosynthesis, and impaired reproductive development. This review highlights the urgent need for effective remediation approaches to mitigate the phytotoxic effects of heavy metals and ensure sustainable ecosystem functioning. We identify knowledge gaps and future research directions, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration to address this critical environmental issue.
Phytochemical Analysis of Carrot, Red Pepper, Spinach and Lettuce Cultivated at Ajiwa, Batagarawa, Lambun Sarki and Dankama Vegetable Farms, Katsina State, Nigeria Sabiru Dahiru; Yazid Salele; Twan Sale Mathew; Ansar Bilyaminu Adam
African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine Vol 1 No 1 (2024): African Journal of Sciences and Traditional Medicine
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/ajstm.v1i1.3724

Abstract

Katsina state for long has been a major aggregation centre for cash crops including vegetables due to the availability of suitable land and adequacy of water supply, phytochemical analysis of vegitables cultivated at , batagarawa, lambun sarki and dankama vegetable farms were investigated, This study investigates the metabolites present in sample, the presence of tannins, flavonoids and saponins were tested. The results of the study showed the presence flavonoids, and tannins in lettuce, red pepper showed the presence only flavonoids, carrot showed the presence flavonoids, saponin and tannins, spinach showed the presence of tannin and saponin, while lettuce showed the presence Tannins, Saponins, Flavonoids. Therefore, lettuce, spinach and carrot could serve as potential source of natural antioxidants, red pepper could serve as a source of both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory.
Determination of Trace Metals in Borehole, Tap, and Well Water from Dawakin Kudu Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria Abdullahi Mustapha Idris; Shittu Abubakar Muhammad; Twan Sale Mathew; Musa Yahaya Abubakar; Ibrahim Sani; Ansar Bilyaminu Adam
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 1 No 1 (2024): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v1i1.3567

Abstract

This study investigates the concentration of trace metals in borehole, tap, and well water samples from Dawakin Kudu Local Government Area in Kano State, Nigeria. Understanding the levels of trace metals in these water sources is crucial for assessing potential health risks and ensuring safe drinking water for the local population. The samples undergo evaporation to dryness and are then pre-concentrated with 0.5 M nitric acid. The metals were analyzed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The study found that all samples had iron concentrations, with the highest concentration in tap water (722.976 μg/L) and the lowest in well water (36.504 μg/L). Cadmium concentrations were highest in sample B (0.114 μg/L) and lowest in sample D (0.018 μg/L), all below WHO's permissible limit of 3 μg/L. Nickel concentrations were highest in sample C (0.336 μg/L), lowest in sample A (0.384 μg/L), and not in samples B and D (0.384 μg/L). Lead concentrations were only detected in samples A and B (0.384 μg/L), all below WHO's permissible limit of 10 μg/L. Iron was high compared to the permissible level of trace metal in water, but only in sample C, among all the samples, sample C is the safest water for drinking.
Heavy Metal Pollution in Aquatic Ecosystems: A Review of Toxic Impacts and Remediation Strategies Musa Yahaya Abubakar; Kabiru Bashir Ahmad; Twan Sale Mathew; Ruslan Shamsudden; Haladu Mahmud Muhammad; Mohammed Haladu; Ansar Bilyaminu Adam
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 1 No 1 (2024): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v1i1.3621

Abstract

Heavy metals contamination in aquatic ecosystems is a critical environmental issue with far-reaching implications for ecological health and human safety, Heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems is a pressing environmental concern, posing significant risks to aquatic life and human health. This review summarizes the toxic effects of heavy metals (HMs) on aquatic organisms, ecosystems, and human consumers. The study explores the sources, fate, and transport of HMs in aquatic environments, highlighting their bioaccumulation, biomagnification, and ecological impacts. Remediation strategies, including phytoextraction, bioaugmentation, and chemical treatment, are critically eval_uated. Emerging technologies, such as Nano remediation and bioremediation, offer promising solutions. The study showed heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems is a significant environmental challenge that requires coordinated efforts from governments, industries, and communities to mitigate its impacts and protect water quality and aquatic life. By addressing the sources and effects of heavy metals in aquatic habitats, we can mitigate their impact on the environment and human health, ensuring the sustainability of these vital ecosystems.
Environmental Remediation Using Nanoparticles: A Review Ruslan Shamsuddeen; Ansar Bilyaminu Adam; Twan Sale Mathew; Musa Yahaya Abubakar
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 1 No 1 (2024): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v1i1.3622

Abstract

The use of nanoparticles for environmental remediation has gained significant attention in recentyears due to their unique properties and potential to revolutionize the field. This review providesa comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on the application of nanoparticlesfor environmental remediation, including the removal of heavy metals, pesticides, industrialeffluents, and other pollutants from water, soil, and air. The review discusses the various types ofnanoparticles used, including metal, oxide, and carbon-based nanoparticles, and theirmechanisms of action. The advantages and limitations of nanoparticle-based remediationtechnologies are also eval_uated, and future research directions are identified. The reviewhighlights the potential of nanoparticles to enhance the efficiency, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness of environmental remediation processes, and underscores the need for furtherresearch to fully realize their potential.
Effect of Particle Size and Fiber Loading on Some Properties of Sugarcane Bagasse Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites Ruslan Shamsuddeen; Haruna Musa; Twan Sale Mathew; Musa Yahaya Abubakar; Ansar Bilyaminu Adam
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 1 No 1 (2024): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v1i1.3718

Abstract

In recent times, the use of sugarcane bagasse as reinforcement in plastic composites has been receiving greater scientific attention due to its abundance, light weight and good mechanical properties. This research has investigated the mechanical properties of the composite by hardness strength, impact strength, chemical resistant test, and water absorption test with different particle size and loading of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) as reinforcement in unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) composite. Bagasse fiber was treated with sodium hydroxide (10%), potassium permanganate (5%), hydrogen peroxide (5%) to enhance better adhesion between the fiber and the matrix. Sugarcane bagasse reinforced unsaturated polyester resin composite was prepared using the compression molding technique, the mold was undergoing a curing process for 5 minutes with 1300 c and 2.5Mpa of pressure. The result of the mechanical properties were eval_uated, the mechanical properties (flexural strength, hardness strength) increases with increase in bagasse content while the impact strength increase and then decreases, the maximum mechanical properties was obtained from the composite made of 400µ and 25 wt% fiber loading compared with the control sample. The improvement in the mechanical properties is attributed to the extent of good interaction between the fiber and the matrix. The composite show increase in water absorption with increasing fiber loading and increasing number of days up to when the samples reaches their saturation when no water absorption was observed, 25wt% of 710µ has the highest absorption and this is due to its bigger particle size and fiber loading. The mechanical and physical properties shows that the composite has potential applications in structural materials such as particle board, fiber board, library shelf’s, partitioning panels, ceiling boards.